IST Midterm Study Guide

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts related to Internet technology and digital literacy.

Router

A device that directs packets across the Internet, determining the best path based on various factors.

Packet

A small piece of data sent over a network, which constitutes a part of emails, videos, or other forms of information.

IP Address

A unique identifier assigned to every device connected to the Internet, functioning like a home address for computers.

DNS (Domain Name System)

The system that translates website names into IP addresses, similar to an Internet phonebook.

Protocol

A set of rules that devices on the Internet follow to communicate with each other.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

A protocol that ensures all packets arrive in the correct order and resends any missing packets.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

The protocol that allows web browsers to request web pages from servers.

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

A language that tells web browsers how to display content on a webpage.

HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)

An extension of HTTP that uses SSL for secure communication over a computer network.

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)

A standard technology for keeping an Internet connection secure and safeguarding any sensitive data.

Digital Footprint

The digital trace or record of your online activities, important for personal reputation.

Netiquette

Polite and respectful communication on the internet, essential for positive online interactions.

Bit

The most basic unit of information in computing, represented as a 0 or a 1.

Byte

A group of eight bits, used to represent a character or other data.

Binary

A numerical system that uses only two digits, 0 and 1, to represent data.

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

A character encoding standard that uses binary to represent text in computers.

Lossless Compression

A method of reducing the size of files without losing any information.

Lossy Compression

A method of compression that reduces file size by eliminating some details that are less noticeable.

RGB (Red, Green, Blue)

A color model used to create colors on digital screens by mixing different intensities of red, green, and blue light.

AI (Artificial Intelligence)

Systems that simulate human thinking and decision-making processes.

ML (Machine Learning)

A subset of AI that allows computers to learn from data and improve their performance over time.

Digital Citizenship

Responsible and ethical behavior while using technology and the Internet.