History Quiz

Islamic doctrine of divine unity

Tawhid

political leader of the umma

Caliph

region between Mecca and Medina

Hijaz

town later renamed Medina

Yathrib

Muhammad's customs and exemplary ways as recorded in the hadith

Sunna

protected second-level citizens

Dhimmis

testimony that Allah is one and only God

Shahada

daughter of Muhammad and wife of Ali

Fatima

special tax for dhimmis to practice religion

Jizya

mystical branch of Islam

Sufi

battle with Arab victory over Chinese

Talas River

husband of Fatima and founder of the Shia or Shi'ite branch

Ali

"recitation"; sacred message revealed to Muhammad

Quran

name of chapters in the Quran

Suras

nomadic Arabs

Bedouins

honorific title for those who have completed the hajj

Hajji

city of the prophet

Medina

dominant tribe in Mecca

Quraysh

birthplace of Muhammad and location of the Ka'ba

Mecca

believe Caliph should be descended from Muhammad

Shia

Arabic word for God

Allah

fasting during the month of Ramadan

Saum

almsgiving or charity the third pillar of Islam

Zakat

ninth month of Islamic calendar and commemorates revelation of Qur'an

Ramadan

stories of what Muhammad said or did

Hadith

Muslim prophet and messenger of Allah

Muhammad

wife of Muhammad

Khadija

pilgrimage to Mecca

Hajj

heir to the Roman Empire

Byzantine

replaced by Abbasids

Umayyads

migration from Mecca to Medina in 622

Hijra

faith

Iman

place of prostration and worship

Mosque

Islamic law that relegates daily life

Sharia

genies which are invisible counterparts to angels

Jinn

submission

Islam

interior personal effort to live the way Allah intended without greed and selfishness

Jihad

one who submits to Allah

Muslim

sanctuary in Mecca and means cube in Arabic

Ka'ba

believe Caliph should be elected from umma

Sunni

prostrations of ritual prayer

Salat

community of faithful Muslims

Umma