CHEM-2

Hydrocarbon

A compound made of only carbon and hydrogen.

Functional group

Part of a molecule that determines how it reacts.

Alkane

A hydrocarbon with only single bonds, saturated, general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₂.

General formula for Alkanes

CₙH₂ₙ₊₂.

-ane

Suffix used for naming alkanes.

Alkene

A hydrocarbon with at least one double bond, unsaturated, general formula CₙH₂ₙ.

General formula for Alkenes

CₙH₂ₙ.

-ene

Suffix used for naming alkenes.

Alcohol

Contain an –OH (hydroxyl) group, names end in -ol.

General formula for Alcohols

CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH.

-ol

Suffix used for naming alcohols.

Carboxylic Acid

Contain a –COOH (carboxyl) group, names end in -oic acid.

-oic acid

Suffix used for naming carboxylic acids.

Esters

Made from alcohol + carboxylic acid, with the functional group –COO–.

Sweet smell

Characteristic of esters, often used in perfumes or flavors.

Naming Esters

[alcohol name]-yl [acid name]-oate.

Isomers

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures.

Distillation

A process to separate liquids based on boiling points.

Simple distillation

Separates one component, like water from salt water.

Fractional distillation

Separates multiple components, like crude oil.

Solution

A mixture where the solute is dissolved in the solvent.

Emulsion

A mix of two immiscible liquids.

Alloy

A solid mixture of metals.

Suspension

Particles dispersed but not dissolved.

Gas testing for Oxygen

Relights a glowing splint.

Gas testing for Hydrogen

Produces a squeaky pop with a lit splint.

Gas testing for Carbon Dioxide

Turns limewater cloudy.

Gas testing for Chlorine

Bleaches damp litmus paper.

Relative Atomic Mass (Aᵣ)

Weighted average of all isotopes.

Ar= (Isotope mass x Abundance) + (Isotope mass x Abundance) / 100