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Leadership
Guiding a group toward achieving goals.
Formal Leader
Officially designated leader, such as a manager or supervisor.
Informal Leader
Influences others without a formal title.
Effective Leadership
Aligns and motivates teams to achieve goals.
Universalist Theories
Identify major characteristics common to effective leaders.
Great Man/Woman Theory
Leadership ability is seen as innate and natural-born.
Trait Theory
Focuses on personal traits linked to leadership success.
Big 5 Traits
Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Openness, Agreeableness, Emotional stability.
Behavioral Theories
Leadership is about behavior, not traits.
Task-Oriented Leadership
Focuses on completing tasks efficiently.
Relationship-Oriented Leadership
Prioritizes team well-being and morale.
Ohio State Leadership Studies
Identified initiating structure and consideration as key leader behaviors.
Contingency Theories
Effective leadership depends on the match between leader and situation.
Fiedler's Contingency Model
Leadership effectiveness is based on leader's style and situation control.
Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) Measure
Assesses leader orientation based on ratings of least preferred coworkers.
Path-Goal Theory
Leaders facilitate team goal achievement through various behaviors.
Decision-Making Model
Leaders use a range of strategies from autocratic to participative.
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory
Focuses on the quality of leader-subordinate relationships.
Charismatic Leadership Theory
Centers on leaders with high charisma and the ability to inspire.
Transformational Leadership Theory
Focuses on changing followers' values and beliefs.
Ethics in Leadership
Distinguishes between good and bad charismatic leaders.
Leadership Training
Aims to improve leader effectiveness through skill development.
Job Redesign
Adjusting tasks to fit leaders or making leadership unnecessary.
Influence
The ability to get someone to perform a specific action.
Persuasion
Convincing someone using logic or emotions.
Compliance Techniques
Subtle methods to gain agreement or compliance.
Assertiveness
Directly demanding or instructing someone to act.
Ingratiation
Using flattery to gain favor or compliance.
Rationality
Persuading through logical arguments and evidence.
Power
Derived from positions or roles within an organization.
French & Raven’s Five Bases of Power
Coercive, Reward, Legitimate, Expert, and Referent power.
Organizational Politics
Self-serving use of power to achieve outcomes.
Whistle Blowing
Criticizing company policies to external parties.
Causes of Organizational Politics
Competition for resources and subjective performance appraisals.
Managing Organizational Politics
Strategies to reduce ambiguity and create a positive climate.