2.9-Structure of amino acids and proteins

What is the general structure of an amino acid?

R-CH(NH2)-COOH

What is a dipeptide?

A peptide with 2 amino acids

What is a polypeptide?

A polypeptide with many amino acids

What role does water play in the production and breakdown of dipeptides?

Water is produced during the condensation reaction. Water is broken down during the hydrolysis reaction

Define protein

A molecule made up of amino acids

What is the R group?

The side group that changes depending on the amino acid

What is a peptide bond?

A covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein

What is the primary structure

The amino acid sequence

What is the secondary structure

The form a protein assumes after having folded up

What is the tertiary structure

The three dimensional structure of the entire polypeptide chain

What is the quaternary structure

The arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains that produce a complete protein

What is a conjugated protein

A protein with another chemical group attached

What is a globular protein

A protein that is water soluble and shaped like a sphere after folding

What is a fibrous protein

Long strands of polypeptide chains that have cross linkages due to hydrogen bonds

How is a peptide bond formed?

Condensation reaction.

OH removed from Hydroxyl group. H removed from amine group.

Explain how the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain determines the three dimensional shape of a functional protein

The sequence of amino acids determines the order of the R groups. This affects where the hydrogen bonds form in the secondary structure. Then affects where the ionic/covalent bonds form in tertiary structure