Dual Enrollment HIS 121 Study Guide - Ch. 22: The New Era (1920s)

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from Chapter 22 of the HIS 121 study guide focusing on the New Era of the 1920s.

Harding Administration

(1921-23) The presidency of Warren G. Harding, marked by scandal and economic prosperity.

Coolidge Administration

(1923-29) The presidency of Calvin Coolidge, known for his laissez-faire economics and belief in minimal government intervention.

Hoover Administration

(1929-1933) The presidency of Herbert Hoover, noted for the Great Depression and the stock market crash of 1929.

Stock Market Crash

The major stock market crash that occurred in 1929, leading to the Great Depression.

Urbanization in America

1920

Poverty Statistics

In the 1920s, approximately 40% of American families lived in poverty.

Post-WWI Unemployment Rate

4%

Production Increase (1921-28)

64%

Electricity in Homes

By the 1920s, about 70% of American homes had electricity. 2/3 Homes

Albert Fall

A U.S. senator involved in the Teapot Dome scandal.

Flappers

Young women in the 1920s who challenged traditional norms of behavior and dress.

Locarno Pact

1925 An agreement between European countries aimed at securing post-World War I borders.

Al Capone

Infamous gangster known for his involvement in organized crime during the Prohibition era. Tax Evasion

Fordney-McCumber Tariff

A tariff enacted in 1922 that raised duties on imports to protect American industry. 25%

Louis Armstrong

Influential jazz musician who played a crucial role in popularizing jazz music. “Golden Concert”

Alfred E. Smith

The first Catholic presidential candidate nominated by a major party in 1928. Unable to carry South, Vs. Hoover, NY Governer

Fundamentalism

A religious movement characterized by a strict interpretation of scripture.

Paul Robeson

An African American singer and forceful civil rights activist. Recitals of African American spirituals in concert halls.

Back to Africa Campaign

Movement aimed at encouraging African Americans to return to Africa. Marcus Garvey

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural, social, and artistic explosion centered in Harlem in the 1920s.

Pink-Collar Jobs

Job categories traditionally assigned to women, often in the service industry. Clerks, Nurses, Teachers

Charles Dawes

American banker and politician known for the Dawes Plan to stabilize the German economy.

Harry Daughtery

Attorney General under President Harding involved in various scandals. Took bribes for agreeing not to prosecute certain criminals

Red Scare

The fear of communism and radical leftist ideologies in the United States. After Bolshevik Rev. in 1917

Charles Lindbergh

Famous aviator who made the first solo nonstop transatlantic flight.

Henry Ford

Industrialist who founded the Ford Motor Company and pioneered assembly line manufacturing. Model T. Assembly line in 1914.

Scopes Monkey Trial

A landmark legal case in 1925 about the teaching of evolution in schools. John Scopes. William Jennings Bryan and Clarence Dorrow involved.

Consumerism

The cultural emphasis on the acquisition of goods and services. Americans have significant amounts of discretionary income.

Installment Buying

A purchasing method where consumers buy goods by paying in installments over time. Helped lower classes buy consumer goods by paying over time.

Sigmund Freud

Psychoanalyst whose theories on the unconscious influenced 1920s culture. Sexual representation in mental health. (Freaky Freud)

Dawes Plan

A plan for American banks to lend money to Germany to stabilize their economy. Harding and Coolidge insist repay of all debts, allies say no. (America loan to Germany, Germany repay Allies, Allies repay US.)

J. Edgar Hoover

The first Director of the FBI, serving from 1935 until 1972. Special office under him for info on radicals (raids) and mass arrests.

Sinclair Lewis

The first American author to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. Critical view of the midwest life. Refused pulitzer prize in 1925

Demobilization

The process of transitioning from a wartime to a peacetime economy.

James Weldon Johnson

Civil rights activist and author, notably involved in the Harlem Renaissance. NAACP

T.S. Eliot

Poet and playwright influential in modernist literature. Influenced entire nation. The Waste Land- criticized shallow modern life. Britain in 1927, Nobel Prize in 1948

Duke Ellington

Renowned jazz composer and bandleader during the Harlem Renaissance. Pianist and conductor. Over 2000 compositions. Mood Indigo

Jazz Age

The 1920s era marked by the popularity of jazz music and dance.

Teapot Dome Scandal

A major political scandal involving the secret leasing of federal oil reserves. Albert Fall, 1924

Ernest Hemingway

Influential American author known for his distinctive writing style. The Sun Also Rises, “The Lost Generation”

John L. Lewis

Leader of the United Mine Workers and a significant labor leader. Labor Leader Lewis!

Time Magazine

A weekly news magazine that gained prominence in the 1920s.

Ethel Waters

Singer and actress, a prominent figure during the Harlem Renaissance. “Sweet Mama String Bean,” Broadway.

Josephine Baker

American-born French entertainer known for her contributions to the arts and civil rights. WWII Spy

Volstead Act

Legislation that enforced Prohibition in the United States. Ban the liqua sto

Eugene Debs

Labor leader and socialist politician who ran for president multiple times. He also was arrested at one point. Violated espionage act.

Kellogg-Briand Pact

An international agreement to outlaw war, signed in 1928. Renounce aggressive use of force for national ends.

Welfare Capitalism

An economic system where businesses provide social benefits to their workers.

Eugene O’Neil

Renowned American playwright known for his contributions to theatre. Seriousness in theater, Long Day’s Journey into Night, Nobel Prize in 1936 and Pulitzer at some point

Langston Hughes

Key figure in the Harlem Renaissance, known for his poetry and writings. “I am a Negro and beautiful”

William Howard Taft

The 27th President of the United States and later Chief Justice.

F. Scott Fitzgerald

Author of 'The Great Gatsby,' exploring themes of the American dream. “Lost Generation,” coined “Jazz Age”

League of Nations

An international organization founded after WWI to promote peace and cooperation. Wilson’s 14 points, U.S. didn’t join.

Zora Neale Hurston

A prominent author and anthropologist associated with the Harlem Renaissance. Their Eyes Were Watching God”