US - Immigration/Migration/West

New Immigrants

Immigrants who came to the United States during and after the 1880s; most were from southern and eastern Europe.

Poor

Uneducated

Less likely to assimilate

Old Immigrants

immigrants who had come to the US before the 1880s from Britain, Germany, Ireland, and Scandenavia, or Northern Europe

Skilled

Assimilated

Educated

New immigrants vs. old immigrants

These immigrants came to America from Northwest Europe before 1890, and there were other immigrants that came to America from Southern and Eastern Europe after 1890. The main differences between these two types of immigrants was their language (few spoke English), religion (Catholic and Jewish), and race (did not "look" American).

Assimilation

the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another

Nativism

the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established hate against those of immigrants.

Push factors for immigration

Poverty

Political Repression - No freedom

Ethnic conflict and War

No jobs

Starvation: Irish Potato Famine 1846-1851

Pull Factors of Immigration

Economic Opportunity ($)

Jobs/ workers were needed

Land

Peace and stability

Freedom to make a better life

Ellis Island

An immigrant receiving station in New York where mostly European immigrants came

Angel Island

The immigration station on the west coast where Asian immigrants, mostly Chinese gained admission to the U.S. at San Francisco Bay.

Chinese Exclusion Act

1882 law that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers

National Origins Act

limited immigration to 2% of the number of foreign-born persons from a given nation

Political Bosses

Leaders of political machines that bribed citizens in order to receive votes

political machine

A party organization that recruits voter loyalty with tangible incentives and is characterized by a high degree of control over member activity

Boss Tweed

A political boss who carried corruption to new extremes, and cheated the city out of more than $100 million

Tammany Hall

Political machine in New York, headed by Boss Tweed.

Thomas Nast

Political cartoonist

Native Americans

Forced to move west onto reservations. Were often killed from smallpox disease from European settlers.

Dawes Act

1887 law that distributed reservation land to individual Native American owners

Buffalo Soldiers

Nickname for African-American soldiers who fought in the wars against Native Americans living on the Great Plains during the 1870s

Reservations

A designated area of land that Native American Tribes lived on

Indian Wars

1850 to 1890; series of conflicts between the US Army / settlers and different Native American tribes

Ghost Dance

a religious dance of native Americans looking for communication with the dead

Battle of Wounded Knee

US soldiers massacred 300 unarmed Native American in 1890. This ended the Indian Wars.