Pediatrics: Tests & Measures

What do pediatric PTs rely on to assess if a child Is achieving age-appropriate motor skills ?

developmental norms

What does early detection lead to, ultimately improving long term outcomes?

early intervention

what are the two primary categories of standardized measures in pediatric PT ?

criterion-referenced and norm-referenced

a test that compares a child's performance to a large group of peers of the same age or developmental level

norm-referenced measures

what is the purpose of a norm-referenced measure

to determine if a child's abilities are within the expected range for their age

True or false: norm-referenced measures are sued for diagnostic purposes

true

assesses gross motor skills in children from birth to 18 years old

Alberta infant Motor scales (AIMS)

Assess fine and gross motor skills in children from birth to 5 years

Peabody developmental motor scales (PDMS-2)

measures cognitive, motor and language skills in infants and toddlers

Bayley scales of infant and development

evaluates motor skills in children and adolescents aged 4-21 years old

BOT-2

test that compares a child's performance to predefined bencharmks rather than to other children

criterion-referenced

True or false: a norm-referenced measure measures what a child can or cannot do based on functional goals or developmental milestones

false - criterion referenced measures

What is the purpose of using a criterion-referenced measure?

track a child's progress overtime rather than comparing them to peers

What areas of PT do criterion-reference measures help create?

goal setting and treatment planning

Assesses motor function in children with CP or Down syndrome

Gross motor function measure (GMFM)

measures functional abilities in self-care mobility and social function

Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI)

What is essential to calculate for preterm babies in order to ensure accurate developmental comparisons

chronological (actual) age and corrected (adjusted) age

time elapsed since birth

chronological age

what is the calculation for chronological (actual) age

Chronological age = assessment date - Birth date

You do corrected age until a child reaches what age?

2 years old

Formula for corrected (adjusted) age

corrected age = chronically age - (40 weeks - gestational age at birth)

What is the AIMS used for ?

identify delays or abnormalities in motor development

What age range is the AIMS used for?

0-18 months

What are the for positions that the AIMS assess motor development in?

Prone, supine, sitting, standing

observes movements such as head lifting, forearm support, rolling, and crawling

prone

examines movements like head turning, reaching, bringing hands to feet, and rolling

supine

evaluates postural control, balance, and ability to sit unsupported

sitting

assess weight-bearing, standing posture, cruising, and early walking skills

Standing

What defines the infants window of motor ability for the AIMS ?

least mature & most mature skill observed

What sore on the AIMS would represent normal motor development ?

above 16th percentile

A score of ? on the Aims would require close monitoring for developmental concerns?

between 5th and 16th percentile

If a child scores below the 5th percentile on the Aims, what would that indicate?

high risk for motor delay; further assessment recommended

Name some of the advantages of the AIMS

observational & non invasive, quick and easy, reliable & validated, sensitive to change

What are the limitations of the AIMS?

not diagnostic; limited to gross motor skills (does not assess fine motor, cognitive, or social development)

What is the purpose of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS-2) ?

assess both gross and fine motor skills in kids birth to 5 years old

what is the PDMS-2 used for?

early identification of motor delays and intervention planning

What 6 subsets does the PDMS-2 include?

reflexes, stationary (postural control & balance), locomotion (crawling, walking, running, etc), object manipulation, grasping, Visual motor integration

What is the scoring of the PDMS-2 ?

0 = cannot or did not attempt, 1 = partial skill performance or inconsistently, 2 = completes skill correctly

combination of reflexes, locomotion, and object manipulation

Gross motor quotient

combination of grasping and visual motor integration

fine motor quotient

overall motor performance summary

total motor quotient

A quotient score of greater than or equal to 116 on the PDMS-2 would indicate ?

above average

A quotient score of 86-115 on the PDMS-2 would indicate?

average

A quotient score of 70-85 on the PDMS-2 would indicate?

Below average, mild delay

what score on the PDMS-2 would indicate a significant delay

less than or equal to 69

Purpose of the Bayley scales for infant development (Bayley-4)

evaluate cognitive, language, motor, social-emotional, and adaptive behavior development in infants and toddlers

Infants and toddlers between what ages can be assessed using Bayley-4 ?

1-42 months (a little over 3 years old)

What 5 subsets does the Bayley-4 consist of ?

Cognitive scale, language scale divided into expressive & receptive communication, motor scale divided into fine and gross motor, social-emotional, adaptive behavior

understanding spoken words and following commands

receptive communication

babbling, vocabulary, and sentence formation

expressive communication

What is the scoring esteem for the Bayley - 4 ?

0 = child does not attempt/perform skill, 1 = performs skill partially or inconsistently, 2 = child successfully completes the skill as intended

A scaled score of greater than or equal to 13 on the Bayley-4 would indicate ?

above average

A scaled score of 8-12 on the bayley-4 would be interpreted as ?

average

A scaled score of 5-7 on the Bayley would be interpreted as ?

below average

A scaled score of less than 4 on the Bayley would be interpreted as ?

significant delay

Interpret the following composite score on the Bayley-4 : greater than or equal to 116

above average

Interpret the following composite score on the Bayley-4 : 86-115

average

Interpret the following composite score on the Bayley-4 : 70-85

below average (mild delay)

Interpret the following composite score on the Bayley-4 : less than or equal to 69

Significant Delay (intervention recommended)

What does the percentile rank on the Bayley-4 show?

shows the the child compares to age-matched peers

approximate developmental age based on performance

age equivalence

Purpose of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of motor Proficiency (BOT-2)

assess motor proficiency in children and adolescents age 4-21

What test is used for identifying motor coordination deficits and intervention planning?

BOT-2

What fine motor skills does the BOT-2 assess?

fine motor precision (drawing, cutting, grasping) and fine motor integration (copying shapes, handwriting)

What gross motor skills does the BOT-2 assess?

manual dexterity, bilateral coordination, balance, running speed & agility, upper limb coordination, strength

Interpret the composite BOT-2 score of greater than or equal to 60

well above average

Interpret the composite bot-2 score of 50-59

above average

interpret the composite bot-2 score of 41-49

average

interpret the composite bot-2 score of 31-40

below average

interpret the composite bot-2 score of less than or equal to 30

well below average

What test is used to evaluate gross motor function in children with CP or other motor impairments and track motor progress over time?

Gross motor function measure (GMFM)

What age range can you use the gross motor function measure (GMFM) for ?

5 months - 16 years

Why 5 domains does the gross motor function measure consist of?

lying & rolling, sitting, crawling & kneeling, standing, walking/running/jumping

identifies gross motor delays in infants and tracks development

AIMS

comprehensive developmental screening for early delays

Bayley-4

identifies motor delays in young children and supports intervention planning

PDMS-2

assess motor coordination and proficiency in school aged children

BOT-2