Criminal Justice Chapter One

informal sanctions

social norms that are enforced through the social forces of the family, school, government and religion

social norms

the expected normative behavior in a society

formal sanctions

social norms enforced through the laws of the criminal justice system

criminal justice system

the enforcement, by the police, the courts, and correctional institutions of obedience to laws.

system of social control

a social system designed to maintain order and regulate interactions

order maintenance

A system of maintaining the day-to-day life of ordinary citizens, a primary goal of the criminal justice system.

crime control model

model of the criminal justice system in which emphasis is placed on fighting crime and protecting potential victims

due process

rules and procedures for protecting individuals accused of crimes from arbitrary and excessive abuse of power by government

presumption of innocence

innocent until proven guilty

picket fence model

the model of the criminal justice system in which the local, state, and federal criminal justice systems are depicted as horizontal levels connected vertically by the roles, functions, and activities of the agencies that comprise them

adjucated

a court case is decided without determination of guilt, especially in a juvenile court when a judge places a juvenile in the custody of the state for treatment/confinement

pares patriae

legal assumption that the state has primary responsibility for the safety and custody of children

original jurisdiction

when the juvenile court is the only court that has authority over juvenilles

status offenders

children who have committed an act or failed to fulfill a responsibility that if they were adults the court would not have any authority over them.

delinquents

juveniles accused of committing an act that is criminal for both adults and juveniles

juvenile court

court that handles delinquent status offenders and juvenile cases. some juvy courts may handle additional matters related to the family.