unit 3 quiz 1 (religion)

religion

**A set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, usually involving devotional and ritual observances, and often containing a moral code governing the conduct of human affairs.**

monotheistic

Religions that believe there is only one God

polytheistic

Religions that believe in more than one God

abrahamic religion

Religions that stem from Abraham, a major prophet for several religions

* Promised by God that his descendants would be the “chosen ones” as long as he followed what God told him
* His two sons Isaac and Ishmael went on to become important figures in Judaism, Christianity (Isaac), and Islam (Ishmael)

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

tenet

Principle or belief

rite

Religious ceremony or act

sect

A group of people with somewhat different religious beliefs from those of a larger group to which they belong  ex. Catholic, lutheran are both christian

doctrine

A set of beliefs created, taught, and practiced by a group

prophet

A person regarded as an inspired teacher or proclaimer of holy words and beliefs

deity

A god or goddess in a polytheistic religion or supreme being in a monotheistic religion

judaism

God came to Abraham and made an agreement

If he listened to God his descendants would be the “chosen ones”

* Monotheism
* One God created the universe and every Jewish person can have a personal relationship with him
* Follow the word and example of God

christianity

Abrahamic religion

Jesus- son of God, was crucified and resurrected to prove he was the son of God

* Monotheism
* Jesus is son of God
* Holy Trinity (Father, Son, Holy Spirit)

islam

Allah had Gabriel (the angel) go to Muhammad and gave him his word (which became the Quran)

* Monotheism
* Muhammad is his prophet
* Quran is world of Allah and you need to listen to it

hinduism

Traditions from ancient times in the Indus Valley in India

Idea of mind, body, and soul being separate created by Aryan people

* Supreme is split into multiple
* Karma (doing good deeds) and dharma (right way of living) will lead to moksha (breaking the cycle of birth and death/reincarnation

buddhism

Prince Siddhartha Gautama got out of his privileged life and suffered but figured out how to overcome it and reach enlightenment (nirvana)

When he overcame all suffering he became the Buddha  \n

__Four Noble Truths__

* Suffering is unavoidable.
* Suffering is caused by attachment.
* Suffering can be overcome.
* Suffering can be overcome by following the Eightfold Path.

Think right, act right, do right by others

sikhism

There were a lot of restrictions in the social class in India and Hinduism and Guru Nanak didn’t agree

He believed all people are equal in the eyes of God

* Monotheism
* Doing good deeds/actions is most important.
* Live a good life by:

\-Keeping God in heart and mind

\-Treat everyone equally

\-Be generous and serve others

**Taoism/**

**Confucianism** 

__**Taoism**__:

* Don’t have a founder or a founding date
* Based on ancient Chinese philosophies and traditions

__**Confucianism**__:

* Created by Confucius

\-Saw himself as a person that could turn old customs into new customs

\-Traditions held on due to humans’ deepest need for connection

\-If there are right actions then social order can be preserved

\
__**Taoism:**__

* Tao = the way
* There is light and darkness in the universe and you cannot have one without the other

Shown by yin and yang

__**Confucianism:**__

* Total power of universe
* Major goal is to achieve harmony
* Ren

Most important principle (means love, mercy, and humanity)

* Treat others how you want to be treated
* If everyone acts with virtue in all social matters then order and unity is ensured

judaism holy book

Torah, Tanak

christianity holy book

bible

islam holy book

Quran (Koran)

hinduism holy book

the Vedas

buddhism holy book

Tripitaka

sikhism holy book

Guru Granth Sahib

taoism/confucianism

Tao Te Ching, Five Classics and Four Books

judaism holidays

Yom Kippur, Rosh Hashanah, Passover, Hanukkah

christianity holidays

Lent, Easter, Christmas

islam holidays

Ramadan, Eid Al-Fitr, Eid Al-Adha

hinduism holidays

Holi, Diwali

buddhism holidays

Asalha Puja, Buddha’s pilgrimage

sikhism holidays

Diwali, Gurpurb (in remembrance of the Guru)

taoism and confucianism holidays

Chinese Lunar New Year, Lantern Festival

judaism important people

__**Abraham**__**: key prophet who made the original covenant with God**

__**Moses**__**: key prophet who led his people (the Israelite) out of slavery and to the Promised Land, received God’s word**

__**rabbis**__**: spiritual leaders, lead prayer**

christianity

__Holy Trinity__: Father (God), Son (Jesus), and the Holy Spirit

priests/pastors: religious leaders

islam important people

__Allah__: Arabic term for God

__Muhammad__: the last of Allah’s prophets, received Allah’s word which became the Quran

imam: religious and community leader

hinduism important people

__Trimurti__: Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva

The Creator, the Preserver, and the Destroyer

\
__Other key deities__

__Ganesha__: success, knowledge, wealth

__Krishna__: love and compassion

buddhism important people

Siddhartha Gautama: prince who left his life, suffered, learned how to overcome suffering, and then taught others how he did it 

\*then he became the buddha

sikhism important people

__Guru Nanak__: founder of religion

9 other gurus that aided in creating the religion

taoism/Confucianism important people

__Lao Tzu__: “the Old Master,” inspired the founding of Taoism

__Confucius__: Chinese philosopher and politician who emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice, kindness, and sincerity