AP Stats Test Review

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100 Terms

1

Inference!

Confidence Interval Formula

One-sample t-interval for μ

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2

Inference!

Confidence Interval Formula

One-sample z-interval for p

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3

Inference!

Confidence Interval Formula

Two-sample t-interval for

μ1μ2

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4

Inference!

Confidence Interval Formula

Two-sample z-interval for

p1– p2

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5

Inference!

Test Statistic Formula

Chi-Square Test for

Homogeneity/Independence

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6

Inference!

Test Statistic Formula

One-sample t-test for μ

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7

Inference!

Test Statistic Formula

One-sample z-test for p

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8

Inference!

Test Statistic Formula

Two-sample t-test for

μ1μ2

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9

Inference!

Test Statistic Formula

Two-sample z-test for

p1– p2

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10

Inference!

Test Statistic Formula

Chi-Square Test for

Goodness of Fit

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11

Inference!

CI Formula

t-interval for slope

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12

Inference!

Point Estimate and

Margin of Error

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13

Inference!

Type I and Type II error

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14

Inference!

Interpret the confidence

interval

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15

Inference!

Interpret the P-value

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16

Inference!

Test Statistic Formula

t-test for slope

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17

Inference!

How to find the point

estimate and margin of

error given a confidence

interval

Suppose a confidence interval is (A, B).

The point estimate is the average of A and B.

The point estimate is the exact center of the

confidence interval!

To find the margin of error, subtract the point

estimate from the upper bound of the

confidence interval!

margin of error = B – (the point estimate)

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18

Inference!

Power

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19

Inference!

Interpret the confidence

level

In repeated random sampling with the same

sample size, approximately C% of confidence

intervals created will capture the population

parameter.

The population parameter could be:

• population proportion

• difference in population proportions

• population mean

• difference in population means

• population mean difference

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20

Inference!

What is an unbiased

estimator?

When estimating a population

parameter, a statistic is unbiased if,

the center of the sampling

distribution for the statistic is equal

to the population parameter.

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21

Inference!

Conditions for a one-sample

t-test and t-interval for μ

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22

Inference!

Conditions for a two-sample

t-test and t-interval for μ1μ2

  • Random: Data come from independent random

samples or 2 groups in a randomized experiment.

  • 10%: when sampling without replacement:

n < 10% of the population size for both samples.

  • Normal: For both populations, either the

population distribution is normal, large sample

(n ≥ 30), or a dot plot of the sample data shows no

strong skewness or outliers.

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23

Inference!

Conditions for

a chi-square test

  • Random: Data from a random sample, separate

random samples, or groups in a randomized

experiment.

  • 10%: when sampling without replacement: n < 10% of the population size for all samples.

  • Large Counts: All expected counts must be at least 5.

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24

Inference!

Why do we check the

Random, 10%, and

Normal/Large Sample

conditions?

Random - so we can generalize to the population from

which the sample was selected.

10% condition - so sampling without replacement is

OK and we can use the stated formula for standard

deviation.

Normal/Large Sample - so the sampling distribution is

approximately Normal.

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25

Inference!

What is the difference between

the population distribution, the

sample distribution, and the

sampling distribution?

  • The population distribution is the distribution of

responses for every individual of the population.

  • The sample distribution is the distribution of

responses for a single sample.

  • The sampling distribution is the distribution of

values for the statistic for all possible samples of a

given size from a given population.

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26

Inference!

Conditions for

a one-sample

z-test and z-interval for p

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27

Inference!

Conditions for a

two-sample z-test and

z-interval for p1– p2

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28

Inference!

Conditions for a

t-test or t-interval for slope

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29

Inference!

What is the difference

between a parameter and a

statistic?

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30

Inference!

What is the Central Limit

Theorem?

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31

Inference!

What calculator function is

used for a one-sample

t-interval for μ?

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32

Inference!

What calculator function is

used for a one-sample

z-interval for p?

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33

Inference!

What factors affect the

width of a confidence

interval?

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34

Inference!

What does it mean if we

reject (or fail to reject) the

null hypothesis?

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35

Inference!

How to calculate expected

counts in a chi-square test for

homogeneity/independence

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36

Inference!

What calculator function is

used for a one-sample

t-test for μ?

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37

Inference!

What calculator function is

used for a one-sample

z-test for p?

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38

Inference!

How do I make a decision

based on a P-value?

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39

Inference!

What is the probability that

a specific confidence

interval captures the

population parameter?

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40

Inference!

How to choose the right

inference procedure?

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41

Exploring Data!

Describe a Distribution

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42

Exploring Data!

How can we use a graph to

compare the mean and the

median?

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43

Exploring Data!

How do we describe the

relationship between two

variables (like in a

scatterplot)?

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44

Exploring Data!

How to find the mean, SD,

and 5-number summary

using a graphing calculator

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45

Exploring Data!

What is the IQR?

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46

Exploring Data!

Outlier Rule

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47

Exploring Data!

Interpret the standard

deviation

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48

Exploring Data!

Compare two distributions

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49

Exploring Data!

How to calculate a Least Squares Regression Line (LSRL)

using a graphing calculator.

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50

Exploring Data!

How do I calculate the

percentile of a particular

value in a data set?

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51

Exploring Data!

Interpret the y-intercept of

the Least Squares

Regression Line

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52

Exploring Data!

Interpret the coefficient of

determination

r2

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53

Exploring Data!

Regression Outlier

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54

Exploring Data!

High-Leverage Point

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55

Exploring Data!

What is the difference

between categorical and

quantitative variables?

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56

Exploring Data!

Interpret the slope of the

Least Squares Regression

Line

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57

Exploring Data!

Properties of

correlation r

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58

Exploring Data!

Correlation

r

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59

Exploring Data!

Influential Point

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60

Exploring Data!

What is the difference

between discrete and

continuous variables?

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61

Sampling/Experiments!

What is a control group?

What is the purpose of a

control group?

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62

Sampling/Experiments!

What are two poor

sampling methods?

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63

Sampling/Experiments!

Experimental Units

Subjects

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64

Sampling/Experiments!

What is bias?

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65

Sampling/Experiments!

Can the results be

generalized to a larger

population?

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66

Sampling/Experiments!

What is single blind and

double blind?

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67

Sampling/Experiments!

Explanatory Variable

Response Variable

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68

Sampling/Experiments!

Types of Bias

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69

Sampling/Experiments!

Can increasing the sample size

correct issues that arose from a

biased sampling method?

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70

Sampling/Experiments!

What is the difference

between an observational

study and an experiment?

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71

Sampling/Experiments!

When can we make

conclusions about

cause and effect?

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72

Sampling/Experiments!

Simple Random Sample

(SRS)

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73

Sampling/Experiments!

Confounding Variable

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74

Sampling/Experiments!

What should a well designed

experiment

include?

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75

Sampling/Experiments!

What is a randomized block

design and what is the

purpose?

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76

Sampling/Experiments!

How to carry out a random

assignment by selecting

from a hat

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77

Sampling/Experiments!

Stratified random sample

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78

Sampling/Experiments!

Systematic random sample

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79

Sampling/Experiments!

Completely Randomized

Design

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80

Sampling/Experiments!

Matched Pairs Design

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81

Probability!

Mean and Standard

Deviation of a Binomial

Distribution

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82

Probability!

Formula for the Binomial

probability P(X = x)

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83

Probability!

Conditions for a Binomial

Random Variable

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84

Probability!

What is the Law of Large

Numbers?

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85

Probability!

How do I calculate a

conditional probability (given)?

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86

Probability!

Mean and Standard

Deviation of a Geometric

Distribution

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87

Probability!

Formula for the Geometric

probability P(X = x)

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88

Probability!

Conditions for a Geometric

Random Variable

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89

Probability!

How do I calculate the

probability of “at least 1”?

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90

Probability!

How can I tell if two events

are independent?

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91

Probability!

Mean and Standard

Deviation of the Sum of 2

Independent Random

Variables

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92

Probability!

Mean and Standard

Deviation of the Difference

of 2 Independent Random

Variables

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93

Probability!

Calculator function to find

the area under a Normal

distribution

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94

Probability!

What is the empirical rule?

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95

Probability!

Mutually Exclusive Events

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96

Probability!

Mean and Standard

Deviation of a Discrete

Random Variable

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97

Probability!

Formula and interpretation of a

z-score

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98

Probability!

Calculator function to find a

value from a given area

under a Normal distribution

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99

Probability!

What is the difference

between binompdf and

binomcdf?

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100

Probability!

How do I calculate

P(A and B)?

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