congress of vienna and industrial revolution

CoV- impact to key countries

CoV- impact to key countries

other countries wanted to weaken france but not leave it powerless

Restores monarchies in  France, Portugal, Spain and Italy

New boundaries did not consider culture, increased nationalism

Could not turn back the clock on revolutionary ideas

CoV- chief goal

• To establish collective security and stability

• Restore balance of power

CoV- alliances

The Holy Alliance formed between Austria, Russia, and Prussia and was based on relations with other nations on Christian principles.

Concert of Europe

series of alliances that ensured nations would help one another if revolution occurred

Industrial Revolution- factors of production

• Land,labor, and wealth

• Natural resources

• Developed a banking system

• Overseas trade

• Stable government

Transition to factory system

• Began in britian

• Long and slow transition

• Shifted from hand made tools to machienes

• human and animal power was replaced

Women and children workers in industrial age

• Children (most often orphans) were often put to work to help the family with wages and preformed dangerous work

• If idle, the children were beaten and they were lest likely to revolt

• Women workers were often preferred because they had cheaper wages and adapted to machienery better than men

• Women still had to do their duties like caring for the family and coping with sickness

Impacts of industrial revolution- positive and negatives

• allowed for revolutions in almost all aspects of life

  • textiles, hygiene, trade, inovations

• more efficient way of production (machiene goods replaced handmade goods)

• Labor was forced on a lot of children and women

• They were getting payed less and forced to work under bad conditions

• Workers were forced not to revolt

Socialism

Socialists believe that capitalist employers take advantage of workers

Seeks to bring equality to the means of production to the working class while communism takes this a step further and revolutionizes both aspects of production and consumption.

Capitalism

• Individuals own property and the means of production

• Progress results when individuals follow their own self-interest

• Businesses follow their own self-interest by competing for the consumer’s money

  • Each business tries to produce goods or services that are better & less expensive than those of competitors

• Consumers compete to buy the best goods at the lowest prices

• This competition shapes the market by affecting what businesses are able to sell

• Government should not interfere in the economy because competition creates efficiency in business

Communism

• Founded by Karol Marx

• The community or the state should own property and the means of production

• Progress results when communities of producers cooperate for the good of all

• The community or state must act to protect workers

• Capitalism creates unequal distribution of wealth and material goods

• A better system is to distribute goods according to each person’s need

Adam Smith’s views on economics

government should not interfere

belived in natural laws of economics

• law of self-interest: people work for their own good

• the law of competition: competition forces people to make a better product

• the supply and demand: Enough goods will be produced a the lowest possible price to meet demand in a market economy

Laissez faire economics

• Economic policy of letting industry/business owners set working conditions without interference

• Argued that government regulations only interfered with wealth

  • Ex: High tariffs on foreign trade

• Flow of commerce in the world market would lead to economic prosperity

Industrial Revolution

Origins

• Begin in Britain

Transitional process

• Long, slow and uneven

Production shift

• Simple hand tools to complex machines

New sources of power

• Human and animal power replaced

Worldwide impact

• Spread from Britain to the rest of Europe, North America and beyond

Richard Arkwright

Spinning frame/water frame used to create yarn

Isambard Kingdom Brunel

Public transport and engineering, Great Western Railway

James Hargreaves

Spinning Jenny

John Kay

Flying shuttle, weaving

Samuel Crompton

Combining spinning frame and jenny to create spinning mule

Duke of Bridgewater

Pioneer of canal construction

Charles (turnip) Townshend

Crop rotation

Thomas Newcomen

First practical fuel

Jethro Tull

Seed drill

James Brindley

Canal (with the duke) and aqueducts

Abraham Darby

Pig iron fueled by coke rather than coal

Robert Trevithick

First high pressure steam engine

Humphry Davy

Chemist, davy lamp

Matthew Boulton

Financed James Watt

George Stephenson

Principle inventor of railroad locomotive

John MacAdam

Chemist, inventor

Thomas Telford

Engineer, infrastructure

James Watt

Steam engine, financed by Matthew Boulton

Thomas Edison

Electric power, sound communication

Samuel Morse

Single wire telegraph system

Henry Bessemer

Steel making process

George Westinghouse

Railway air brake

Who was the leader of Austria and what was his goal? (COV)

Prince Klemens von Metternich; Restore status quo

Who was the leader of Russia and what was his goal? (COV)

Tsar Alexander I; Holy alliance of Christian monarchs to suppress future revolutionaries

Who was the leader of Prussia and what was his goal? (COV)

King Frederick William III; Side with Russia

Who was the leader of Britian and what was his goal? (COV)

Lord Robert Castlereagh; Prevent French military power

Who was the leader of France and what was his goal? (COV)

Prince Marquis de Talleyrand; Played leaders against each other

CoV - Legacy

• Influenced world politics for the next 100 years

• Maintained a balance of power

• Created nationalist resentment due to foreign control

• Could only suppress the ideals of the French Revolution for so long