Unit 2 Ch. 3 - Migration - AP Human Geography

immigration

Moving into a population

emigration

Leaving a population

demographic accounting equation

calculates population and population increase based on CBR, CDR, and net migration

mobility

ability to move from one place to another

circulation

Repetitive movement

economic migration

Movement of migrants to improve financial income or standard of living.

cultural migration

The cultural attitudes, perceptions, and symbolic values that shape decision-making processes around, and experiences

environmental migration

movement of people because of a natural disaster

voluntary migration

Permanent movement undertaken by choice.

forced migration

Permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors.

distance decay

the effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance the less interaction

Stage 2 of Zelinsky's Migration Transition

large emigration begins; rural-to-urban

Stage 3 of Zelinsky's Migration Transition

high emigration but maybe some immigration; rural-to-urban

Stage 4 of Zelinsky's Migration Transition

high immigration; urban-to-suburban

Countries with net-in

Europe, N. America, South Pacific, SW Asia

Countries with net-out

Africa, Asia, Latin America

Step migration

migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages

return migration

immigrants moving back to their former home

chain migration

migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there

rest belt -> sun belt relationship

businesses relocating to the south due to lower wages, taxes, and less unionized; shifts from agricultural based to industry

Rural-to-urban migration

the movement of people from the countryside to the city

urban-to-suburban migration

population shift from central urban areas into suburbs

advantages to urban-suburban migration

less crowded, larger homes, still moderately close to the city

Urban+Suburban-to-Rural

mainly retirees, tired of the busy, not very common

exurbs

Prosperous residential districts beyond the suburbs.

push factor

why you leave/emigrate

pull factor

why you choose the destination

internally displaced person

someone who is forced to flee home but who remains within their country

asylum seeker

a migrant hoping to be declared a refugee in a foreign country

refugee

person who flees to another country to escape persecution or disaster

asylum synonym

safety

Desertification

the gradual transformation of habitable land into desert

remittance

transfer of money by workers to people in the country from which they emigrated

guest workers

legal immigrant who has work visa, usually short term; skewed males

Ravenstien's Law (3 groups)

distance migrants move, reasons why they move, characteristics of migrants

Quota (migration)

maximum limit of immigrants allowed

brain drain

emigration of highly skilled professionals