Darwin & Natural Selection

Who proposed the idea that spp fit on a scale of increasing complexity?

Aristotle

Who is responsible for the creation on binomial nomenclature?

Linneaus

How did Linneaus determine how to group species?

morphology

General phrase for morphology

body form

What did Linneaus do with species?

grouped similar species into hierarchical categories

Least to most specific classifications

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Scottish geologist of the 1790s who proposed the gradual processes that formed Earth’s physical features are still operating

Hutton

Geologist and friend of Darwin who proposed geological processes operate today at the same rate as in the past

Lyell

What was Hutton + Lyell’s main inference?

Earth is much older than 6000 years

Biologist who proposed species for extinct due to catastrophes

Cuvier

T/F: Cuvier supported Lamarck’s ideas

False

Biologist who proposed species can change into new species

Lamarck

Lamarck’s proposed mechanisms of species change

use and disuse, inheritance of acquired characteristics

Darwin proposed that:

species change by natural selection

What did Darwin infer from his first hand observations regarding biogeography?

distribution of species can be explained by Earth’s geologic history

What did Darwin infer from his first hand observations regarding geological processes?

Lyell is correct, Earth is very old

What geological observations did Darwin make to infer that Lyell was correct?

earthquake that displaced sea floor, fossils of ocean mollusks in Andes

Darwin observation: Temperate South America vs Temperate Europe

spp not similar

Darwin observation: Temperate South America vs Tropical South America

spp more similar

Darwin observation: Galapagos Islands vs South America mainland

spp resemble each other, but different from mainland and elsewhere