Techniques for separating mixtures

sieving

exploits particle size, between solids

magnet separation

exploits magnetic from nonmagnetic —> iron, cobalt and nickel

sedimentation/decantation

the process of allowing solids to settle at the bottom of a liquid, followed by carefully pouring off the liquid.

filtration

a technique that separates solids from liquids by passing the mixture through a barrier that retains the solid particles —> can also be 2 or more solids with different solubilities

evaporation

the process of separating a liquid from a solution by heating it until it turns into vapor, leaving the solid residue behind

distillation

a method used to separate components of a liquid mixture based on differences in boiling points, where the mixture is heated to form vapor and then cooled to collect the condensed liquid.

separating funnel

a device used to separate immiscible liquids based on their densities, allowing for the careful removal of one liquid layer from another.

centrifuge

a device that uses rapid spinning to separate components of a mixture based on density, typically used for liquids or slurries.