History FINAL SPRING

Isolationism

A foreign policy stance minimizing involvement in international affairs to avoid conflicts and political entanglements.

Pearl Harbor

Surprise Japanese attack on the U.S. naval base in Hawaii on December 7, 1941, leading to U.S. entry into WWII. “a date which will live in infamy”

Internment

Forced relocation and imprisonment of Japanese Americans during WWII due to fears of espionage and loyalty.

Rosie the Riveter

Symbol of women working in WWII industries, representing their role in the war effort and women's rights advancement. women who worked in factories

Eisenhower

Supreme Commander of Allied forces in Europe during WWII, known for inspiring troops in the D-Day invasion.”The eyes of the world are upon you. The hopes and prayers of liberty-loving people everywhere march with you”

D-Day

Allied landing in Normandy on June 6, 1944, crucial for opening a new front against Nazi Germany.

Manhattan Project

Secret WWII U.S. project developing the atomic bomb, impacting the war's outcome and post-war geopolitics.

Allied Powers

U.S., Soviet Union, UK, China, and France.

Containment

Cold War policy to prevent communism's spread, shaping U.S. foreign policy and involvement in conflicts (koren Viet war).

Truman Doctrine

1947 policy providing aid to countries resisting communism, particularly Greece and Turkey.

Berlin Airlift

Supplying West Berlin by air in 1948-1949 after a Soviet blockade, showcasing Western commitment.

Suburbs/Levittown

Post-WWII mass-produced suburban communities due to housing demand and government policies.

Baby Boom

Significant post-WWII birth increase (1946-1964) boosting the economy and labor force.

Korean War

Conflict starting in 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea, leading to U.S. intervention to prevent communism.

McCarthyism

Period of intense anti-communism in the early 1950s, led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. widespread fear and persecution of communists

Sputnik

Soviet Union's 1957 launch of the first artificial satellite, initiating the space race. investments in science and tech (US)

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People fighting for civil rights through legal challenges and protests.

Brown v board

1954 Supreme Court decision declaring school segregation unconstitutional. overturning Plessy v. Ferguson.

"I Have a Dream" Speech

Martin Luther King Jr.'s iconic speech during the 1963 March on Washington.

Cuban Missile Crisis

1962 U.S.-Soviet confrontation over missiles in Cuba, resolved through a secret agreement. ended with the USSR withdrawing the missiles in exchange for the U.S. not invading Cuba and secretly removing missiles from Turkey.

1964 Civil Rights Act

Prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, sex, or national origin. result from civil rights movement

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Prohibited racial discrimination in voting, influenced by events like the Selma marches.

African American Voter Registration

Increased due to the Voting Rights Act 1965 and civil rights movement efforts.

Stokely Carmichael

Civil rights and Black Power leader advocating for black self-determination. (SNCC MEMBER)

Black Panther Party

Founded in 1966, promoting black empowerment and self-defense.

Memphis Strike

1968 sanitation workers' strike highlighting racial and economic injustice. backdrop of MLK assassination

Affirmative Action

Policies improving opportunities for marginalized groups, with debates on reverse discrimination.

Great Society

LBJ's initiatives to eliminate poverty and racial injustice, including Medicare and Medicaid. cons- increasing gov size

Gulf of Tonkin

1964 incident leading to broad U.S. military involvement in Vietnam.

Hawks/Doves

Hawks supported military intervention in Vietnam, while Doves opposed it, reflecting the national divide over the war.

Draft Deferments

Methods to avoid military conscription, leading to perceptions of inequality. avoid- medical, educational reasons

My Lai Massacre

1968 killing of Vietnamese civilians by U.S. soldiers, eroding support for the Vietnam War.

Viet Cong

Communist guerrillas in South Vietnam fighting against U.S. and South Vietnamese forces.

Protests

Widespread anti-Vietnam War protests by students, pacifists, and civil rights activists.

1968 Election

Richard Nixon won, capitalizing on a divided Democratic Party and promising "law and order" amid social unrest.

Vietnamization

Nixon's strategy to withdraw U.S. troops and transfer combat roles to South Vietnamese forces.

Vietnam Era Songs

Music protesting the Vietnam War and advocating for peace.

26th Amendment

1971 amendment lowering the voting age to 18. youth involvement in politics

Detente

Nixon and Ford's policy of easing Cold War tensions through diplomatic efforts.

Pentagon Papers

Leaked documents revealing U.S. government deception about the Vietnam War. public distrust

Watergate

A political scandal involving a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters, leading to Nixon's resignation in 1974 after efforts to cover it up were revealed.

Nixon Pardon

Ford's controversial 1974 pardon of Nixon to heal the nation.

Iran Hostage Crisis

1979-1981 event impacting U.S. morale and contributing to Carter's defeat. Americans were held hostage by Iranian

Feminine Mystique

book by Betty Friedan; challenged traditional gender roles and sparked the second-wave feminist movement.

Roe v. Wade

1973 Supreme Court decision legalizing abortion nationwide, sparking ongoing debates over reproductive rights.

United Farm Workers

Cesar Chavez, fought for better wages and conditions for farm workers through strikes and boycotts, mainly in California.

American Indian Movement

Advocated for Native American rights, using protests and legal challenges to address issues like sovereignty and discrimination.

Reaganomics

Economic policies under President Ronald Reagan focused on tax cuts, deregulation, and reducing government spending

power in gov

Reagan believed in reducing federal government power and increasing state and local control.

Budget

Reagan increased military spending while cutting social programs=strong national defense

Iran Contra Affair

Reagan administration secretly sold arms to Iran and used the proceeds to fund Nicaraguan Contras, against Congressional prohibition.

Strategic Defense Initiative

Proposed missile defense system, dubbed "Star Wars," intended to protect against nuclear attacks

Desert Storm

1991 military operation led by President George H.W. Bush to expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait, demonstrating U.S. military might.

Bush Sr

no new taxes" during his campaign but later raised taxes, impacting his re-election bid.

Battle of Mogadishu

1993 conflict in Somalia where U.S. forces suffered heavy casualties, influencing future military engagement decisions.

Monica Lewinsky

White House intern whose affair with President Bill Clinton led to his impeachment

9/11

Terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, orchestrated by al-Qaeda, involving four planes, leading to significant changes in U.S. military. George W. Bush president.