EAPP QUARTER 2

This is a summarized bit that only encapsulates EAPP QUARTER 2 of our lessons

Survey

A data gathering method that involves questioning a selected group of individuals to collect information about their opinions, behavior, or knowledge.

Experiment

A data collection method where the researcher manipulates variables to observe their effects on other variables.

Observation

A data collection method where the researcher gathers information by observing behaviors, interactions, or phenomena as they occur.

Population

The entire group of individuals that the researcher wants to study.

Sampling Frame

A complete list of all members of the population.

Respondents/Participants

The individuals who actually take part in the survey.

Independent Variable

The variable that the researcher manipulates in an experiment.

Dependent Variable

The variable that changes as a result of the manipulation of the independent variable.

Confounding Variable

A factor that interferes with the results, making it difficult to determine the true effect of variables.

Placebo Effect

A situation where participants respond positively to a treatment with no real effect.

Blinding

A technique where participants are unaware of the treatment they receive to avoid bias.

Randomization

The process of randomly assigning participants to different treatment groups.

Sample Size

The number of participants included in a study or experiment.

Replication

The ability to repeat an experiment under the same conditions to verify results.

Sampling Error

The difference between the sample result and the true population value.

Biased Sample

A sample that does not accurately represent the population.

Random Sample

A sample selected where each member has an equal chance of being chosen.

Stratified Sample

A sample divided into subgroups and selected from each group.

Cluster Sampling

A sampling method where entire groups are randomly selected.

Systematic Sampling

Selecting samples at regular intervals from a list.

Convenience Sampling

Selecting samples based on ease of access.

Volunteer Sample

A sample made up of individuals who volunteer to participate.

Cross-Sectional Method

An observational method that collects data at one point in time.

Case-Control Method

Compares individuals with a condition to those without it.

Cohort Method

Follows a group of people over time to observe outcomes.

Ecological Method

Studies populations or groups instead of individuals.

Survey Report

A formal written document that presents and analyzes data collected from a survey.

Table

A method of presenting data in rows and columns for easy comparison.

Graph/Chart

A visual representation of data using symbols like bars, lines, or slices.

Pie Chart

A graph used to show parts of a whole.

Bar Graph

A graph that uses bars to compare categories of data.

Vertical Bar Graph

A bar graph used to compare values like percentages between categories.

Horizontal Bar Graph

A bar graph suitable for displaying many categories.

Line Graph

A graph that shows trends or changes over time.

Laboratory Report

A scientific report used to record experiments, analyze data, and present conclusions.

Field Report

A report based on observations made in real-life settings, often used in social sciences.

Objective Report

A report that presents facts without bias or personal opinion.

Accurate Report

A report that presents correct and precise data.

Honest Report

A report that provides truthful and complete information.

Brief Report

A report that is concise and direct.

Report

A formal document used to communicate information for a specific purpose and audience.

Informal Report

A short, less formal report used within organizations for everyday issues.

Formal Report

A detailed and structured report used for major projects and official purposes.

Informational Report

A report that presents facts and data without analysis.

Analytical Report

A report that analyzes data and explains causes and effects.

Recommendation Report

A report that suggests actions based on analysis and findings.

Title (Report)

A concise statement that identifies the topic of the report.

Abstract

A short summary of the entire report including purpose, methods, and findings.

Introduction

The section that explains the background, purpose, and scope of the report.

Literature Review

A review of related studies and sources relevant to the research.

Methodology

The section explaining how the research was conducted.

Results

The section presenting the data and findings of the research.

Discussion

The section that interprets and explains the results.

Conclusion

The section that summarizes the findings and answers the research question.

References

A list of sources used in the report.

Appendices

Additional supporting materials not included in the main text.

Executive Summary

A brief overview of the report highlighting key points.

Data Analysis Plan

A plan that explains how collected data will be analyzed.

Open-Ended Questions

Questions that allow respondents to answer freely.

Closed-Ended Questions

Questions with fixed answer choices.

Dichotomous Questions

Questions with only two possible answers (e.g., yes/no).

Rating Scale

A scale used to measure attitudes or opinions.

Ranking

Ordering items based on preference or importance.

Pre-Testing/Validation

Testing the survey to identify and fix issues before actual use.

Ethics in Survey

Guidelines ensuring respect, consent, and confidentiality of respondents.

Response Rate

The number of people who completed the survey compared to those invited.

Data Analysis

The process of organizing and interpreting collected data.

Reporting Results

Presenting findings through reports, presentations, or research outputs.

Observational Study

A study where variables are observed without manipulation.

Simulation

A method using models to imitate real-life processes for study.

Techniques in Observation

Methods like note-taking, video recording, and documentation used to collect data.

Strengths of Observation

Provides detailed insights and real-life context.

Limitations of Observation

May include bias, missed details, or changes in behavior of subject