Nursing 253 Quiz 1

Three main components of EBP: Research Based Information, Clinical Experience, Patient values and preferences
Definition of Evidence Based practice: The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of theory-derived, research based information in making decisions about care delivery to individuals or groups of patients in consideration of individual needs and preferences
To participate in EBP nurses should: Use critical thinking skills to critically review sources of information and apply clinical decision making skills to improve patient care and outcomes
Sources of evidence: Traditional, Authority,Trial and error, Personal, Intuition, Borrowed Evidence, Scientific research
==Hierarchy of Evidence(lowest to highest):==
- ==Opinion of authorities, manufacturers recommendations, traditional evidence==
- ==Single study, case series studies, case reports, concept analysis==
- ==Systemic review of studies, correlational studies==
- ==Cohort studies, case controlled studies==
- ==Controlled trials w/o randomization==
- ==randomized control studies==
- ==meta-analysis, systemic reviews of trials, current practice guidelines==
Barriers of EBP: pushback from “traditional” practitioners, not valuing research, lack of resources, culture of the institution, lack of time
What is nursing research?: Planned and systematic activity that leads to new knowledge and/or discovery of solutions to problems or questions, follows a systematic approach
Steps of the research process:Identify the question, Conduct a review of literature, Identify a theoretical framework, select a research design, implement the study, analyze data, Draw conclusions, Disseminate Findings
Descriptive Research: Research Answers “what is it?”
Explanatory Research: Studies address “why” or “how” phenomena are related
Predictive Research: Research aims to forecast precise relationships between dimensions of phenomena or differences between groups “when” phenomena occur
Basic(bench) research: hard science is objective and focuses on learning core information about a subject
Applies research: Research focused on applying to real life situations and problems
- What kind of research is nursing research?: Applied Research
Quantitative Research: Objective research. Collects empirical evidence and uses deductive reasoning and numbers to provide evidence
Qualitative Research: Subjective research, views the world as complex and not objective, uses inductive reasoning and words to provide evidence
Components of a research article: Abstract, introduction, review of literature, theoretical framework, methods, results, discussion, list of references
Abstract: overview of a research article
Introduction: a statement of the problem and purpose statement with background info
Review of literature: Unbiased, comprehensive, synthesized description of relevant and previously published studies
Theoretical framework: describes relationship of concepts and provides linkages
Methods: major portion, discussion about study design, sample, and data collection
Results: most difficult to understand, analysis of findings
Discussion: interpretation and discussion of results
^^Research vs Evidence based practice: research generates new knowledge to answer a question and fill in gaps in knowledge, EBP applies new knowledge to point of care and is designed to change clinical practice^^
Collaboration: the act or process of collaborating
Five levels of collaboration promote EBP: Individual, organizational, regional. national. international
Individual nurse level: Staff nurses, nurse managers, APRN, nurse executives all have different roles in promoting change
Organizational level: Healthcare system actions, recognize nurses increased interest to practice from a research base, establish the infrastructure to accommodate EBP, embrace culture of EBP
Regional Level: Collaboration with local programs of nursing in order to improve the organizations that nurses are a part of
National Level: National institutes of nursing or healthcare practice that aim to changes within a country to healthcare
International Level: Changes that result as a collaboration among nurses from different countries. Healthcare practice that extends across the globe.
What is a research problem?: A research problem is an area of concern when there is a gap in knowledge that requires a solution that can be described, explained, or predicted to improve nursing practice
Sources of nursing research problems: Clinical experience, professional literature, previous research, current nursing theories, national initiatives
How to narrow down a clinical problem: consider interest, significance, the people that it affects, areas of feasibility, and the ethics of the problem
Problem Statement: formal statement describing the problem addressed in the study
Statement of process: Statement indicating the aim of the study
What are study hypothesis?: Formal statements about expected or predicted relationships between two or more variables in a specific population
- includes independent and dependent variables
- should be ethical, feasible, and relevant
Types of hypothesis: Associative vs casual, simple vs complex, nondirectional vs directional, null vs research
What is a variable: an attribute that varies and takes on different values, it is an observable fact or event that can be directly or indirectly measured
Directly observable variable: variables that can be directly tested and observed, such as BP, lab values, etc
Non-directly observable variable: qualities or characteristics of people, groups, or objects such as IQ, quality of life, etc
PICOT Model is used to…: formulate EBP questions
PICOT model stands for: Patient population(or condition), Intervention of interest, comparison of interest, Outcome of interest, Time