Nursing 253 Quiz 1

Three main components of EBP

Research Based Information, Clinical Experience, Patient values and preferences

Definition of Evidence Based practice:

The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of theory-derived, research based information in making decisions about care delivery to individuals or groups of patients in consideration of individual needs and preferences

To participate in EBP nurses should:

Use critical thinking skills to critically review sources of information and apply clinical decision making skills to improve patient care and outcomes

Sources of evidence:

Traditional, Authority, Trial and error, Personal, Intuition, Borrowed Evidence, Scientific research

Hierarchy of Evidence(lowest to highest):

Opinion of authorities, manufacturers recommendations, traditional evidence

Single study, case series studies, case reports, concept analysis

Systemic review of studies, correlational studies

Cohort studies, case controlled studies

Controlled trials w/o randomization

randomized control studies

meta-analysis, systemic reviews of trials, current practice guidelines

Barriers of EBP:

pushback from “traditional” practitioners, not valuing research, lack of resources, culture of the institution, lack of time

What is nursing research?:

Planned and systematic activity that leads to new knowledge and/or discovery of solutions to problems or questions, follows a systematic approach

Steps of the research process:

Identify the question, Conduct a review of literature, Identify a theoretical framework, select a research design, implement the study, analyze data, Draw conclusions, Disseminate Findings

Descriptive Research:

Research Answers “what is it?”

Explanatory Research:

Studies address “why” or “how” phenomena are related

Predictive Research:

Research aims to forecast precise relationships between dimensions of phenomena or differences between groups “when” phenomena occur

Basic(bench) research:

hard science is objective and focuses on learning core information about a subject

Applied research:

Research focused on applying to real life situations and problems

What kind of research is nursing research?:

Applied Research

Quantitative Research:

Objective research. Collects empirical evidence and uses deductive reasoning and numbers to provide evidence

Qualitative Research:

Subjective research, views the world as complex and not objective, uses inductive reasoning and words to provide evidence

Components of a research article:

Abstract, introduction, review of literature, theoretical framework, methods, results, discussion, list of references

Abstract:

overview of a research article

Introduction:

a statement of the problem and purpose statement with background info

Review of literature:

Unbiased, comprehensive, synthesized description of relevant and previously published studies

Theoretical framework:

describes relationship of concepts and provides linkages

Methods:

major portion, discussion about study design, sample, and data collection

Results:

most difficult to understand, analysis of findings

Discussion:

interpretation and discussion of results

Research vs Evidence based practice:

research generates new knowledge to answer a question and fill in gaps in knowledge, EBP applies new knowledge to point of care and is designed to change clinical practice

Collaboration:

the act or process of collaborating

Five levels of collaboration promote EBP:

Individual, organizational, regional. national. international

Individual nurse level:

Staff nurses, nurse managers, APRN, nurse executives all have different roles in promoting change

Organizational level:

Healthcare system actions, recognize nurses increased interest to practice from a research base, establish the infrastructure to accommodate EBP, embrace culture of EBP

Regional Level:

Collaboration with local programs of nursing in order to improve the organizations that nurses are a part of

National Level:

National institutes of nursing or healthcare practice that aim to changes within a country to healthcare

International Level:

Changes that result as a collaboration among nurses from different countries. Healthcare practice that extends across the globe.

What is a research problem?:

A research problem is an area of concern when there is a gap in knowledge that requires a solution that can be described, explained, or predicted to improve nursing practice

Sources of nursing research problems:

Clinical experience, professional literature, previous research, current nursing theories, national initiatives

How to narrow down a clinical problem:

consider interest, significance, the people that it affects, areas of feasibility, and the ethics of the problem

Problem Statement:

formal statement describing the problem addressed in the study

Statement of process:

Statement indicating the aim of the study

What are study hypothesis?:

Formal statements about expected or predicted relationships between two or more variables in a specific population

Types of hypothesis:

Associative vs casual, simple vs complex, nondirectional vs directional, null vs research

What is a variable:

an attribute that varies and takes on different values, it is an observable fact or event that can be directly or indirectly measured

Directly observable variable:

variables that can be directly tested and observed, such as BP, lab values, etc

Non-directly observable variable:

qualities or characteristics of people, groups, or objects such as IQ, quality of life, etc

PICOT Model is used to…

formulate EBP questions

PICOT model stands for:

Patient population(or condition),
Intervention of interest,
Comparison of interest,
Outcome of interest,
Time