Stats Terminology
5.0(2)
Studied by 9 people
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
FlashcardsCard Sorting
1/39
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Study Analytics
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
|---|
No study sessions yet.
40 Terms
1
New cards
descriptive statistics
consists of organizing and summarizing data and describes data through numerical summaries, tables, and graphs.
2
New cards
inferential statistics
uses methods that take a result from a sample, extend it to the population, and measure the reliability of the result
3
New cards
population
the entire group of people/objects to be studied
4
New cards
sample
a subset of the population being studied
5
New cards
simple random sampling
\
a sample completed in a way that every sample of size n has an equal chance of being selected
a sample completed in a way that every sample of size n has an equal chance of being selected
6
New cards
discrete variable
\
one that takes on a finite or countably infinite values: no decimal/fractions, Ex. number of siblings, number of dual credits taken, etc.
one that takes on a finite or countably infinite values: no decimal/fractions, Ex. number of siblings, number of dual credits taken, etc.
7
New cards
continuous variable
\
takes on an infinite values - decimals/fractions Ex. time, temperature, height, weight, etc.
takes on an infinite values - decimals/fractions Ex. time, temperature, height, weight, etc.
8
New cards
Distribution Shapes
bell-shaped, uniform, right-skewed, left-skewed
9
New cards
Measures of Center
\
mean, median, mode,
mean, median, mode,
10
New cards
measures of variation
\
range, standard deviation, variance, inter-quartile range
range, standard deviation, variance, inter-quartile range
11
New cards
standard deviation
\
descriptive measure that describes the overall spread of a data set from the mean
descriptive measure that describes the overall spread of a data set from the mean
12
New cards
resistant measures
\
descriptive measures that are not impacted by extremes, Ex. median, mode, inter-quartile range
descriptive measures that are not impacted by extremes, Ex. median, mode, inter-quartile range
13
New cards
left skewed
\
the mean would be less than the median (extreme values impact the mean)
the mean would be less than the median (extreme values impact the mean)
14
New cards
bell shaped
\
the mean would be equal to the median
the mean would be equal to the median
15
New cards
right skewed
\
the mean would be greater than the median (extreme values impact the mean)
the mean would be greater than the median (extreme values impact the mean)
16
New cards
Approximately 68% of the data falls within
\
1 standard deviation of the mean
1 standard deviation of the mean
17
New cards
Approximately 95% of the data falls within
2 standard deviations of the mean
18
New cards
Approximately 99.7% of the data falls within
\
3 standard deviations of the mean
3 standard deviations of the mean
19
New cards
parameter
\
a descriptive measure for a population
a descriptive measure for a population
20
New cards
statistic
\
a descriptive measure for a sample
a descriptive measure for a sample
21
New cards
z-score
\
tells you the number of standard deviations an observation is from the mean of the data set.
tells you the number of standard deviations an observation is from the mean of the data set.
22
New cards
mutually exclusive events
\
two or more events that do not have any outcomes in common or they cannot happen at the same time.
two or more events that do not have any outcomes in common or they cannot happen at the same time.
23
New cards
independent events
\
Events A and B are independent if P(A) = P(A/B) or P(B) = P(B/A)
Events A and B are independent if P(A) = P(A/B) or P(B) = P(B/A)
24
New cards
permutation
\
An ordered arrangement in which r objects are chosen from n distinct (different) objects so that r < n and repetition is not allowed: Use nPr
An ordered arrangement in which r objects are chosen from n distinct (different) objects so that r < n and repetition is not allowed: Use nPr
25
New cards
combination
\
A collection, without regard to order, in which r objects are chosen from n distinct objects with r < n and without repetition: Use nCr
A collection, without regard to order, in which r objects are chosen from n distinct objects with r < n and without repetition: Use nCr
26
New cards
empirical rule for binomial experiments - unusual events
\
np(1-p) > 10, Unusual if it falls outside of the 2 standard deviation range
np(1-p) > 10, Unusual if it falls outside of the 2 standard deviation range
27
New cards
linear correlation coefficient - r
measure of the strength and direction of the linear relation between two quantitative variables - the closer the value r is to 1 the stronger the positive/negative linear correlation
28
New cards
**coefficient of determination** - r^2
\
the percent of variation in the y variable that can be explained by the variation in the x variable
the percent of variation in the y variable that can be explained by the variation in the x variable
29
New cards
least squares regression line
\
the line that minimizes the sum of the squared errors (or residuals).
the line that minimizes the sum of the squared errors (or residuals).
30
New cards
interpretation of slope
\
As the x variable changes by 1 unit the y variable changes by the value of the slope in your equation.
As the x variable changes by 1 unit the y variable changes by the value of the slope in your equation.
31
New cards
\n **interpretation of y-intercept**
\
\
the value of y when x = 0. To interpret you must have x values close to zero and it needs to make sense for the problem
32
New cards
normally distributed variable
\
bell shaped - centered at the mean within + and - 3 standard deviations
bell shaped - centered at the mean within + and - 3 standard deviations
33
New cards
standard normal distribution
\
the z distribution - centered at 0, bell shaped, the mean is 0 and standard deviation 1
the z distribution - centered at 0, bell shaped, the mean is 0 and standard deviation 1
34
New cards
sampling error
\
the error resulting from using a sample to estimate a population characteristic.
the error resulting from using a sample to estimate a population characteristic.
35
New cards
relation between sample size and sampling error
\
As the sample size increases, the precision increases (the width of the C. I. decreases)
As the sample size increases, the precision increases (the width of the C. I. decreases)
36
New cards
Central Limit Theorem
\
if X is not normally distributed then the Central Limit Theorem states x-bar will be normally distributed if the sample size n 30.
if X is not normally distributed then the Central Limit Theorem states x-bar will be normally distributed if the sample size n 30.
37
New cards
point estimate
\
the value of a statistic used to estimate a parameter - x bar, p hat
the value of a statistic used to estimate a parameter - x bar, p hat
38
New cards
relation between confidence and precision
\
As the confidence level increases the precision decreases (the width of the C.I. interval is increases)
As the confidence level increases the precision decreases (the width of the C.I. interval is increases)
39
New cards
margin of error
\
the distance from the point estimate to the end of the confidence interval
the distance from the point estimate to the end of the confidence interval
40
New cards
interpretation of a confidence interval
\
We are _______% confident that the population mean/proportion (describe the variable) is between __________ and __________.
We are _______% confident that the population mean/proportion (describe the variable) is between __________ and __________.