MT 30 (LAB): DIGESTIVE

What is the primary function of the human digestive system?

To break down food and digest it for nutrient absorption.

True or False: The liver is a primary organ of the digestive system.

False.

Identify the enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates in the mouth.

Amylase.

Fill in the blank: The __ is the organ where chemical digestion primarily occurs.

Stomach.

What organ stores bile produced by the liver?

Gallbladder.

True or False: The anus is considered an accessory organ of digestion.

False.

Fill in the blank: _ digestion occurs when food is ground into finer pieces.

Mechanical.

Identify the movement that propels food through the digestive tract.

Peristalsis.

True or False: Pepsin is activated by hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

True.

What enzyme is responsible for breaking down proteins in the stomach?

Pepsin.

True or False: Villi are responsible for absorbing nutrients in the small intestine.

True.

Fill in the blank: The _ is lined with stratified squamous epithelium.

Mouth.

What tissue layer is responsible for secreting digestive enzymes and mucus?

Mucosa.

True or False: The muscularis mucosae is part of the mucosa layer.

True.

Fill in the blank: The _ is a layer of smooth muscle that aids in peristalsis.

Muscularis propria.

What tissue lies directly outside the mucosa layer?

Submucosa.

True or False: The serosa functions as a protective barrier.

True.

Fill in the blank: The _ is the outermost layer of the digestive tract.

Serosa.

What type of epithelium is found in the stomach and intestines?

Simple columnar epithelium.

True or False: The lamina propria is made of connective tissue and lymph nodes.

True.

Fill in the blank: The _ cavity is where ingestion occurs.

Oral.

Identify the first part of the small intestine.

Duodenum.

What is the second section of the small intestine?

Jejunum.

True or False: The ileum is the last section of the small intestine.

True.

Fill in the blank: The connects the mouth to the esophagus.

Pharynx.

What is the primary function of the stomach?

Chemical digestion.

True or False: The large intestine is responsible for absorbing nutrients.

False.

Identify the disease characterized by stomach acid moving into the esophagus.

GERD.

Fill in the blank: Peptic ulcers are often caused by the bacteria _.

H. pylori.

What syndrome affects the large intestine and causes gas and cramps?

IBS.

True or False: Crohn’s disease is a long-term inflammatory disorder.

True.

Identify the disease that causes bloody stools and cramps due to colon inflammation.

Ulcerative Colitis.

Fill in the blank: _ disease is an immune reaction to gluten.

Celiac.

What causes pain and nausea due to hard deposits in the gallbladder?

Gallstones.

True or False: Hepatitis results in yellow skin and eye discoloration.

True.

What disease causes inflammation and pain in the pancreas?

Pancreatitis.

Fill in the blank: Lack of fiber can lead to .

Constipation.

What condition is defined by frequent, watery bowel movements?

Diarrhea.

True or False: The epithelium in the anus is stratified squamous.

True.

Identify the part of the digestive tract with the myenteric plexus.

Muscularis propria.

Fill in the blank: The _ colon runs across the abdomen.

Transverse.

What colon section connects the descending colon to the rectum?

Sigmoid.

True or False: The rectum stores feces before excretion.

True.

Identify the function of bile in digestion.

Breaks down fats.

Fill in the blank: The _ glands secrete saliva.

Salivary.

What salivary gland is located below the ear?

Parotid gland.

True or False: The pancreas produces enzymes that digest all macronutrients.

True.

Identify the enzyme that digests fats.

Lipase.

Fill in the blank: The _ secretes digestive juices into the duodenum.

Pancreas.

What layer contains blood vessels and nerves in the digestive tract?

Submucosa.

True or False: The mucosa contains epithelial cells, connective tissue, and muscle.

True.

Fill in the blank: The _ is the final section of the large intestine.

Rectum.

What condition is triggered by gluten and leads to nutrient malabsorption?

Celiac disease.

True or False: The liver is considered an accessory organ of digestion.

True.

Fill in the blank: The _ colon is found on the right side of the body.

Ascending.

What structure connects the mouth to the stomach?

Esophagus.

True or False: Chymosin is found mainly in infants.

True.

Identify the hormone that helps break down milk in infants.

Chymosin.

Fill in the blank: The colon is located on the left side of the abdomen.

Descending.

What part of the digestive system is responsible for secreting mucus and enzymes?

Mucosa.

True or False: The duodenum receives bile and pancreatic enzymes.

True.

Fill in the blank: The is responsible for voluntary excretion.

Anus.

What organ is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption?

Small intestine.

True or False: The sublingual glands are located under the tongue.

True.

Identify the immune disorder that causes inflammation throughout the GI tract.

Crohn’s disease.

Fill in the blank: The _ gland is beneath the mandible.

Submandibular.

What structure produces and secretes bile?

Liver.

True or False: The lamina propria lies beneath the epithelium.

True.

Fill in the blank: The plexus lies between the muscle layers of the muscularis propria.

Myenteric.

What part of the digestive tract is a common site for ulcers?

Stomach.

True or False: The muscularis propria is responsible for peristalsis.

True.

Identify the large intestinal section connected to the small intestine.

Cecum.

Fill in the blank: The is the upper curved part of the stomach.

Fundus.

What part of the digestive system mixes food with gastric juices?

Stomach.

True or False: Food enters the small intestine as chyme.

True.

Identify the substance that activates pepsin.

Hydrochloric acid.

Fill in the blank: _ digestion involves enzymatic breakdown of food.

Chemical.

What structure ensures one-way movement of food in the digestive tract?

Sphincter.

True or False: The serosa helps prevent the spread of cancer in the digestive tract.

True.

Fill in the blank: The is a hollow muscular tube in the throat.

Pharynx.

What enzyme breaks down starch in the mouth?

Salivary amylase.

True or False: Pancreatitis can be caused by high fat levels in blood.

True.

Identify a symptom of GERD.

Heartburn.

Fill in the blank: The _ colon connects to the cecum.

Ascending.

What tissue layer is responsible for hormone secretion in the gut?

Mucosa.

True or False: The epithelium in the intestines is simple columnar.

True.

Fill in the blank: The is the portion of the small intestine after the duodenum.

Jejunum.

What is the main site of digestion and absorption?

Small intestine.

True or False: The gallbladder releases bile into the duodenum.

True.

Identify one main function of the large intestine.

Water absorption.

Fill in the blank: The of the mucosa is a thin layer of muscle.

Muscularis mucosae.

What substance emulsifies fat for digestion?

Bile.

True or False: The oral cavity plays a role in mechanical digestion.

True.

Fill in the blank: The contains glands, vessels, and nerves in the GI tract.

Submucosa.

What organ produces digestive enzymes and insulin?

Pancreas.

True or False: The serosa is composed of squamous epithelial cells.

True.

Identify the part of the body where defecation occurs.

Anus.

Fill in the blank: The system breaks down and absorbs nutrients.

Digestive