AP Psychology: Topic 4.5 - Social-Cognitive and Trait Theories of Personality

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14 Terms

1

Social-cognitive theory

a psychological theory that emphasized the dynamic interaction between people (personal factors), their behavior, and their environments

<p>a psychological theory that emphasized the dynamic interaction between people (personal factors), their behavior, and their environments</p>
2

Reciprocal determinism

the idea that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and their social environment

<p>the idea that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and their social environment</p>
3

Self-concept

the overall view a person has of themselves, including their beliefs, physical and mental attributes, and social interactions

<p>the overall view a person has of themselves, including their beliefs, physical and mental attributes, and social interactions</p>
4

Self-efficacy

a person's belief in their ability to perform a task or reach a goal

<p>a person's belief in their ability to perform a task or reach a goal</p>
5

Self-esteem

the degree of confidence and value a person has for themselves

<p>the degree of confidence and value a person has for themselves</p>
6

Trait theories

categorizes and describes the characteristics that make up human personality in an effort to predict future behavior

<p>categorizes and describes the characteristics that make up human personality in an effort to predict future behavior</p>
7

Big Five theory

identifies five main characteristics that account for most individual differences in personality (agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience, and emotional stability (neuroticism))

<p>identifies five main characteristics that account for most individual differences in personality (agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience, and emotional stability (neuroticism))</p>
8

Agreeableness

a person's concern for social harmony and their tendency to get along with others

<p>a person's concern for social harmony and their tendency to get along with others</p>
9

Extraversion

describes people who are sociable, talkative, assertive, and active

<p>describes people who are sociable, talkative, assertive, and active</p>
10

Conscientiousness

describes a person's level of organization, persistence, and motivation to accomplish a goal

<p>describes a person's level of organization, persistence, and motivation to accomplish a goal</p>
11

Openness to experience

describes how open-minded, imaginative, creative, and insightful a person is

12

Emotional Stability

the extent to which people feel secure and unworried and how likely they are to experience negative emotions under pressure

<p>the extent to which people feel secure and unworried and how likely they are to experience negative emotions under pressure</p>
13

Personality inventories

an assessment tool (usually a questionnaire that measures and evaluates an individual's personality, such as traits, behaviors, and attitudes

<p>an assessment tool (usually a questionnaire that measures and evaluates an individual's personality, such as traits, behaviors, and attitudes</p>
14

Factor analysis

a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a personality test to identify things that help interpret a person's total score

<p>a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a personality test to identify things that help interpret a person's total score</p>