Gen Med Exam 3 --> Pediatrics (1/5)

what happens at 3 weeks gestation (cardiac)

angioblastic cord appears

what happens at 21 days gestation (cardiac)

- angioblastic cords form heart tubes

- tubes will fuse to form single heart tube

what happens at days 22-23 gestation (cardiac)

- heartbeat begins

what happens at day 27 gestation (cardiac)

- blood circulation begins

what happens at 10 weeks gestation (cardiac)

- cardiac development is primarily complete

what happens at 4 weeks gestation (pulmonary)

- pulmonary development begins

what happens at 16-26 weeks gestation (pulmonary)

- pulmonary capillaries appear

what happens at 24-28 weeks gestation (pulmonary)

- surfactant production begins

when in development does the baby have enough surfactant to breathe normally?

by 34 weeks

what is surfactant?

- mixture of phospholipids that form over the internal walls of terminal saccules to decrease surface tension

why is surfactant important?

keeps alveoli from collapsing

what condition results from inadequate surfactant production? who is it most common in?

- infant respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

- restrictive disease

- premature babies with low birth rates are most at risk

when do lungs begin to develop

when the infant takes their first breath

what are the 3 most common obstructive conditions in children?

- CF

- bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)

- asthma

what are the 2 major anatomical differences between the fetal heart and the newborn heart?

- foramen ovale is open in a fetal heart

> opening between atria

> closes within a few hours of birth due to changes in pressure

- ductus arteriosus is open in a fetal heart

> link between pulmonary artery and aorta

> closes within a few weeks of birth

what is acyanotic?

L-R cardiac shunt

what is cyanotic?

R-L cardiac shunt

is decreased skin temperature indicative of cyanotic or acyanotic?

acyanotic

are heart murmurs and crackles indicative of cyanotic or acyanotic?

acyanotic

is this cyanotic or acyanotic --> too little blood to pass through the lungs, leading to unoxygenated blood traveling to the body

- cyanotic

- baby may appear blue-ish

what are the 3 left to right (acyanotic shunt) congenital cardiac defects?

- Ventricular septal defect

- atrial septal defect

- patent ductus arteriosus

is HR higher or lower in pediatrics?

higher

what is sudden infant death syndrome?

- sudden unexpected death of healthy infant during sleep

- back to sleep program

what is primary ciliary dyskinesia?

- rare disease

- mucociliary clearance is impaired

- chronic ear, sinus, and lung infections

- leads to bronchiectasis

what is meconium aspiration?

- fetal rectal sphincter relaxes and causes meconium in the amniotic fluid, which the infant may aspirate