The Industrial Revolution - Euro Unit 7

Industrial Revolution

1750 - 1914 A period of rapid industrialization and economic growth beginning in England and spreading to Europe and North America.

Dates of First and Second IR

1750 - 1830, 1880 - 1914

Main difference between First and Second IR

First used water power like steam and rivers, second used coal and electricity

Agricultural Revolution

Brings more efficient farming and new crops to the new world. Corn and potatoes were the biggest.

Effects of the Encoulsure System

Wealthy land owners were farmers, so they wanted to enclose public land for themselves to make more money. As Parliament was the most powerful body in England after the English Revolution in 1688, much of Parliament were those land owners and therefore had huge power to enforce the enclosure system. This lead to many people going out to work in factories.

Why Britain?

Tax climate was favorable for business, merchants were wealthy and had a lot of money to spare, population and economy were growing, a lot of coal

Transportation Revolution

Roads, canals, steamboats, and most importantly railroads. Towns are built around railroads. The first was George Stephenson's Rocket in 1829

Changes from farm to factory life

Standardized pay and hours, not sun up to sun down. Working conditions in factories were terrible and long though, and women and children often had to work.

Britain's Great Exhibition

1851 - The world's first industrial fair in Britian that showed off the advancements they make to inspire nationalism.

Causes and effects of Nationalism

Causes: a country making advancements and becoming dominant in a field.
effects: Pushed the people to wish for further innovation in their country

Frederich List

1789 - 1846 Nationalist in Germany who pushed the country to continue being the best.

The Zollverein

Trade union of German states that showed the influence of the government on the economy

Did Europe want to share their technology?

No! They wanted to keep the European Edge to stay on top of the world. If their colonies gained it, why should they stay a colony?

How was The Great Irish Famine a product of the IR?

1845 - 1851 Otherwise known as the potatoe famine caused great population growth in the UK, and crops failed a few years in a row. England also came in and took their potatoes for themselves.

Industrial middle class

New entrepeneurs and factory owners. They were very ambitious and often from diverse backgrounds because it was a way to make your own way in the world.

Industrial working class

Terrible conditions and little pay. Kids often worked, some became paupers.

"Romanticism is precisely situated neither in choice of subject nor in exact truth, but in a way of feeling”

Charles Baudelaire 1846

Main idea of Romanticism

Reality exists in the self, not the man made world. Love nature, individualism, nostalga. William Wordsworth, Brothers Grimm, Beethoven.

Liberalism

Born from a desire of the people to have a political voice. It exploded in France during the FR, but developed more carefully in Britain and the New World. Liberation from oppression!

Nationalism

Grew from a sense of shared identity, language, history, and culture. Shares nostalga with Romantics, and gets along with liberalism.

Revolts in 1820

Spain against King Ferdinand VII, Concert of Europe put it down. Similar revolt in Portugal against King John VI, he was returned as Constitutional monarch before Concert could act. These revolts represent the liberalism sentiment growing in Europe.

Congress of Troppeau

1820 - Holy Alliance (Austira, Prussia, Russia) met to end liberalism.

German Confederation

Congress of Vienna in 1815 made Germany a federalist government because they were already a bunch of states.

Johann Gottlieb Fichte

Wrote Adresses to the German Nation, discussed how different countries have their moment in time, and the 19th century was the time of the Germans.

Conservatism

Antithesis of liberalism. Scared of rapid change like the FR. Led by Edmund Burke. Did not want another Napoleon!! Had strict laws and punishments to keep order, valued constitutional monarchy. No dictators, but strict rule.

Socialism

A movement where the collective is more important than the individual. Main goals are to minimize market competition, make change through state planning, eliminate laissez-faire (creates competition)

Utopian Socialism

Every man deserves respect. Plan ideal communities. Henri Comte de Saint Simon (1760 - 1825) was a famous example.

Industrial socialism

Industry without exploitation. Robert Owen (1771 - 1858) built this idea.

Christian Socialism

Christian values will defeat evil. Etienne Cabet (1788 - 1856)

Feminist Socialism

Rose from a desire of female emancipation

Scientific socialism

Was a reaction to the exploitation of workers. Scientific examination of society.

Communism

Seeks to abolish private property, examines cyclical history.

Anarchism

Property = theft. You didn't choose to be born, so you should be forced to submit to laws.