AP Psychology Unit 1A - Gumph

Aristotle

believed human nature should be studied from observing and knowledge is the result(tabula rasa)

Sports Psychologist

They study the psychological factors that influence the participation of sports and other physical activities.

Personality Psychology

studies the nature and definition of personality, development, structure and trait constructs dynamic processes and variation

Industrial/ Organizational Psychology

use psychology’s concepts and methods in the workplace to help organizations and companies select and train employees, boost morale, and productivity

Human Factors Psychology (ergonomics)

focus on the interaction of people, machines, and physical environments

Forensic Psychology

research on various psychology law topics like jury selection, criminal investigations, and assist two legal community

Educational/School Psychology

Involvement in the assessment of children in educational settings in which may negatively influence learning of functioning at school

Development Psychology

Focus on human growth and changes across the lifespan, including physical, cognitive, social, intellectual, perceptual, personality, and emotional growth

Comparative Psychology

study of similarities and differences in behavioral organization among living beings (non-human)

Clinical v. Counseling Psychology

Clinical Psychologists specialize in the treatment of mental disorders; counseling psychologists specialize in the treatment of everyday adjustment problems

Structuralism

human consciousness can be broken down to smaller pieces and fit together to form more complex experiences

Psychodynamic Approach

How the behavior springs form unconscious drives and conflicts

Phrenology

The skull is measured to identify personality

Multicultural/Sociocultural Approach

shows how behavior and thinking varies across situations/cultures

Monism

The mind and body cannot be separated

Introspection

A careful “strained” observation of one’s sensation and memory

Humanistic Approach

How one meet their needs for love and acceptance/fufillment

Functionalism

The mind as a functional tool that allows us to adapt to our environment

Evolutionary Approach

This shows how the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes

Empiricism

Idea that knowledge is acquired from observation/data not only intuition

Eclectic Approach

Depending on the client, different forms of therapy is used

Dualism

Mind and body can be separated

Cognitive Approach

This is how we store, process, encode, retrieve data

Biological Approach

The scientific study of the links between the biological and the psychological processes

Behavioral Approach

study of observable behavior and explanation by principles of learning

William James

Functionalism: consciousness to help organism (survival) (father of American psychology)

Wilhelm Wundt

study of consciousness (introspection) (father of psychology)

Sigmund Freud

his ideas of consciousness and unconsciousness in which opened a new view on mental illness (founder of psychoanalysis)

Rene Descartes

Both mind and body are different and can exist by itself (dualism) (French philosopher)

Mary Whiton Calkins

study of the consciousness, dreams, personalistic introspective psychology(first woman to become president of APA)

Margaret Washburn

Motor theory is thought to be traces back to bodily movements (first woman with degree)

John Locke

Empiricism: knowledge is acquired through observation and data, not only intuition

John B. Watson

Psych should study over behavior, as reacts to external stimuli is conditioned, both humans and animals (father of behaviorism)

Hippocrates

theorized that personality traits and human behaviors are based on 4 humors (philisophocal)

Galen

borrowed Hippocrates’ idea of 4 bodily humors, but applied personality traits to each

Edward Titchener

the idea that all thoughts are structured by basic elements (structuralism)

David Buss

research on human mating, conflicts over wen strategies of one interferes with another individual’s goal