EUROPEAN ECONOMY

Flashcards for reviewing European Economy lecture notes.

Subsistence Agriculture

Producing only enough food to eat.

Commercial Agriculture

Producing to sell.

Arable Farming

Growing crops.

Pastoral Farming

Grasslands for animals.

Mixed Farming

Both pastoral and arable.

Specialisation

Concentrate on one activity.

Intensive Agriculture

High input/high output.

Extensive Agriculture

Low input / low output.

Agri business

All businesses to do with agriculture, production, processing, and distribution of agricultural products.

Input

Things required for a farm to function, land, machinery, labor, capital.

Output

What is produced by the farm, milk, meat, crops, but also negatives like waste.

Yield

Amount of substance produced.

Stakeholders

Participants with interest in the output.

Food security

All people have constant access to sufficient and safe food.

Shifting Cultivation

Slash and burn in tropical areas. Cut down trees and burn what’s left before leaving. Farmed for a small amount of time and then left.

Intensive Subsistent Agriculture

Eg. rice growing in south-east Asia. It takes a lot of input but only feeds the family.

Plantation Agriculture

Bananas, palm oil, rubber, tobacco. Single crop, usually for commercial export. Historically associated with slave labor.

Livestock Ranching

Large-scale farming focused on raising and breeding livestock. Extensive grazing land.

Factory Farming

Animals in factories. Exploitative and intensive, high output.

Horticulture

High value, intensively cultivated food, and ornamental plants.

Intensive Farming

Agricultural system focused on maximizing output, using high levels of input such as labor, capital, and fertilizers. High productivity per unit area.

Extensive Farming

Low inputs of labour, capital and technology, requiring large tracts of land, and typically results in lower yields compared to intensive farming.

Organic Farming

Places emphasis on environmental and wildlife protection. Usually largely reducing the use of synthetic chemicals, developing a healthy, fertile soil by growing and rotating a mixture of crops.

Tourism

temporary movement of people outside of normal places of work and residence, its not home, its not work, its a change of scenery and lifestyle.

Mass Tourism

Tens of thousands of people going to the same place at the same time of year.

Sustainable Tourism

Travelling in a way that protects our planet, benefits local communities, and ensures the tourism industry can continue to thrive.

Hydro Electric Power (HEP)

Uses energy of moving water to generate electricity. Consists of an electric plant, a dam, and a reservoir.

Food Dumping

The practice of exporting food at prices lower than its production cost or domestic market price. This can severely undermine local agricultural economies in importing countries by creating unfair competition, reducing local farmers' incomes, and potentially leading to decreased domestic food production. Food dumping is often criticized for its adverse effects on food security and agricultural sustainability in developing nations.

Food mountains

tool much food, waste and unfair competition. CAP makes it profitable to make too much food for the market.

Heavy Industry

A heavy industry requires heavy machinery and complicated processes, that then needs to be in a certain location where it has access to the resources

High Tech Industry

A high tech industry focuses on innovation through intensive R&D, producing advanced products, and are often located in planned business parks that rely on highly skilled professionals.

Footloose Industry

A footloose industry can be located at any place without effect from factors of production like resources or land