The Skeletal System

These flashcards cover key concepts, definitions, and classifications related to the skeletal system, as outlined in the lecture notes.

Components of the Skeletal System

Includes cartilages (hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic), bones (spongy, compact; long, short; flat, irregular), tendons (connect muscle to bone), and ligaments (connect bone to bone).

Functions of the Skeletal System

Provides framework and support, gives the body shape, protects body organs, enables movement, stores minerals, and produces blood cells.

Types of Bones

Classified as long (e.g., femur, humerus), short (e.g., carpals, tarsals), flat (e.g., skull, ribs), and irregular (e.g., vertebrae, hip bones).

Bone Growth

Involves length (bones become longer), width (bones get thicker for strength), cartilage growth in epiphyseal plates and ossification replacing cartilage with bone.

Factors Affecting Bone Growth

Include nutrition (Vitamin C and D for collagen synthesis and calcium absorption), and hormones (growth hormones, thyroid hormones, and sex hormones).

Types of Bone Cells

Osteocytes (mature bone cells), osteoblasts (bone-forming cells), and osteoclasts (bone-destroying cells responsible for remodeling and calcium release).

Synovial Joints

Joints where bones meet, allowing various degrees of movement; include hinge joints (e.g., elbow, knee) and ball-and-socket joints (e.g., shoulder, hip).

Movements Allowed by Joints

Include gliding, angular (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction), and rotational movements.

Axial Skeleton

Forms the longitudinal axis of the body and consists of the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage, providing support and protection.

Appendicular Skeleton

Consists of the bones of the pectoral and pelvic girdles and limbs, allowing mobility and manipulation.