Breaking the Spanish Monopoly Flashcards

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Flashcards reviewing the lecture notes on Breaking the Spanish Monopoly.

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17 Terms

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Papal Bull

Decree issued by the Pope.

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Treaty of Tordesillas

Treaty in 1494 that divided all unsettled or non-Christian lands in the west and east between Spain and Portugal.

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Inter Caetera

Papal bull that formally granted possession of the New World to Spain in 1493.

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Mare Clausum

Official policy meaning 'sea closed to others'.

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Convoy System

Shipping system consisting of two fleets called the Flota and the Armada, with treasure ships accompanied by warships.

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Galleones

Treasure ships in the Spanish convoy system.

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Armada

Warships that accompanied treasure ships in the Spanish convoy system.

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Reformation

A movement for the reform of the abuses in the Roman Catholic Church which ended in the establishment of the Protestant Churches, led by Martin Luther.

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Piracy

The practice of attacking and robbing ships at sea.

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Smuggler

Someone who trades outside the law.

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Buccaneer

17th century pirates who only attacked Spanish ships.

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Privateer

Captains commissioned by their governments to commit piracy.

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Operation Isthmus

Plan by the English in 1572 to capture tons of silver from a Spanish mule train.

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Western Design

Oliver Cromwell's plan to capture Hispaniola, which resulted in the capture of Jamaica.

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Maroon

Runaway slaves -released by the Spanish settlers- who lived in the mountainous interior.

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Peace of Paris (1763)

Treaty signed in 1763 in which Britain retained Dominica, Tobago, St Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines.

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Monopoly

Exclusive possession or control of something, particularly the supply of a service or trade.