Breaking the Spanish Monopoly Flashcards

Flashcards reviewing the lecture notes on Breaking the Spanish Monopoly.

Papal Bull

Decree issued by the Pope.

Treaty of Tordesillas

Treaty in 1494 that divided all unsettled or non-Christian lands in the west and east between Spain and Portugal.

Inter Caetera

Papal bull that formally granted possession of the New World to Spain in 1493.

Mare Clausum

Official policy meaning 'sea closed to others'.

Convoy System

Shipping system consisting of two fleets called the Flota and the Armada, with treasure ships accompanied by warships.

Galleones

Treasure ships in the Spanish convoy system.

Armada

Warships that accompanied treasure ships in the Spanish convoy system.

Reformation

A movement for the reform of the abuses in the Roman Catholic Church which ended in the establishment of the Protestant Churches, led by Martin Luther.

Piracy

The practice of attacking and robbing ships at sea.

Smuggler

Someone who trades outside the law.

Buccaneer

17th century pirates who only attacked Spanish ships.

Privateer

Captains commissioned by their governments to commit piracy.

Operation Isthmus

Plan by the English in 1572 to capture tons of silver from a Spanish mule train.

Western Design

Oliver Cromwell's plan to capture Hispaniola, which resulted in the capture of Jamaica.

Maroon

Runaway slaves -released by the Spanish settlers- who lived in the mountainous interior.

Peace of Paris (1763)

Treaty signed in 1763 in which Britain retained Dominica, Tobago, St Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines.

Monopoly

Exclusive possession or control of something, particularly the supply of a service or trade.