Introduction to Engineering Profession: Geology and Mineral Deposits

Flashcards covering key concepts in geology and mineral deposits, focusing on definitions and classifications relevant to the field of mining engineering.

Geology

The study of the Earth, its materials, structure, and the processes acting upon them.

Igneous Rocks

Rocks formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock, or magma.

Sedimentary Rocks

Rocks formed from the accumulation of sediments through processes such as weathering, erosion, deposition, and cementation.

Metamorphic Rocks

Rocks that have been altered by heat, pressure, and chemical processes over time.

Mineral Deposit

A mineralized area where minerals are found in sufficient concentration to be economically mined.

Ore Deposit

A rich concentration of minerals that justifies economic mining.

Minerals

Naturally occurring inorganic substances with a consistent composition, often represented by a chemical formula.

Rock Cycle

The continuous process of transformation between igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks over millions of years.

Precious Metals

Rare metals that are valued for their rarity and are often used in jewelry and as currency, examples include gold and platinum.

Base Metals

Common metals that are not precious, such as iron and copper, used in various industries.

Industrial Minerals

Non-metallic minerals that are used for industrial purposes, such as sand and limestone.

Heavy Mineral Sands

Minerals rich in titanium and zirconium found in low concentrations in igneous and metamorphic rocks.

Grade of Ore

The average weight of metal contained in a tonne of ore, indicating the overall economic value of the mineral deposit.

Replacement Deposits

Non-metallic deposits formed by the dissolution of sedimentary beds by mineral-rich solutions.

Economic Minerals in South Africa

Minerals such as gold, diamond, and coal that have significant economic value and are actively mined.

Magma

Molten rock beneath the Earth's surface from which igneous rocks are formed.