apush Test Review Jackson Through 1850s

American System (Henry Clay)

American System – parts?

American System (Henry Clay)

Front: American System – parts?

Internal improvements (example?)

Government-funded roads, bridges, canals to boost trade

Example: Erie Canal (connected Great Lakes to NYC, boosted northern economy)

North–South sectionalism

Loyalty to regional interests over national unity

North: industry, tariffs, free labor

South: agriculture, slavery, low tariffs

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Monroe Doctrine – ideas?

• No new European colonization in Western Hemisphere

• U.S. stays out of European affairs

• Europe must stay out of American affairs

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Missouri Compromise – explain

• Missouri = slave state

• Maine = free state

• Slavery banned north of 36°30′ line
  Goal: maintain balance in Senate

Gin

Cotton gin – inventor & significance

Inventor: Eli Whitney

Significance: increased cotton production → expanded slavery in the South

William Lloyd Garrison & The Liberator

Radical abolitionist; published The Liberator calling for immediate emancipation

American Antislavery Society

Called for immediate abolition of slavery

American Colonization Society

roposed freeing enslaved people and relocating them to Liberia

Tariff – define

Tax on imported goods to protect domestic industries

Tariff of 1816

First protective tariff; helped U.S. manufacturing

Tariff of Abominations (1828)

Very high tariff; hurt South; led to nullification crisis

Tariff of 1833

Gradually lowered tariffs to ease sectional tension

Election of 1824 – winner & “corrupt bargain”?

Winner: John Quincy Adams

House chose Adams → Henry Clay became Secretary of State → accused of corrupt bargain

Political parties – Jacksonian Democrats

Supported Andrew Jackson; favored common man, states’ rights, opposed National Bank

Nullification – explain (Calhoun)

States could nullify federal laws they deemed unconstitutional

Led by John C. Calhoun; South Carolina vs. federal government

“Great Compromiser” – why?

Helped prevent conflict through compromise

(Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850)

Age of Jackson – rise of mass politi

Expanded voting rights to most white men; more popular participation in politics

Bank veto

Jackson vetoed recharter of Second Bank of the U.S.; believed it favored elites

Spoils system vs. merit system

Spoils: jobs given to supporters

Merit: jobs based on qualifications

Indian Removal & Trail of Tears

Forced relocation of Native Americans to west; thousands died on Trail of Tears

Electoral College

System where electors, not voters directly, choose the president

Lowell factories

Textile mills employing young women; showed early industrialization

Cult of Domesticity

Belief women belonged in home as moral guardians

Declaration of Sentiments & Resolutions

Demanded women’s rights, including suffrage

Theme of individualism

Emphasis on self-reliance and personal freedom

Brook Farm & Oneida Community

Experiments in communal living and social reform

Whigs

Opposed Jackson; supported American System and stronger federal government

Ostend Manifesto

Proposal to acquire Cuba from Spain; controversial due to slavery issue

Manifest Destiny – examples

Belief U.S. should expand west

Examples: Texas annexation, Oregon Trail, Mexican-American War

Mexican-American War

U.S. gained Southwest territories (California, New Mexico, etc.)

Compromise of 1850

• California free state

• Strong Fugitive Slave Law

• Popular sovereignty in territories

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

Allowed popular sovereignty; repealed Missouri Compromise → violence (“Bleeding Kansas”)

Popular sovereignty

Settlers vote on slavery in territories

Dred Scott decision

• Enslaved people not citizens

• Congress cannot ban slavery in territories

Know Nothing Party

Anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic

Liberty Party

Wanted abolition of slavery

Free Soil Party

Opposed expansion of slavery into territories

Republican Party – founded when & why?

Founded: 1854

Why: Opposed Kansas-Nebraska Act & spread of slavery

Platform (1860): Stop slavery expansion; support free labor