somatic disorders

What are Somatic Symptom Disorders characterized by?

Physical symptoms suggesting a medical condition without evidence of physical pathology.

What were previous terms related to Somatic Symptom Disorders before DSM-5?

Hypochondriasis and Somatization Disorder.

What are the three main features of Somatic Symptom Disorders according to DSM-5?

Disproportionate thoughts about symptoms' seriousness, high level of health anxiety, and excessive time spent on health concerns.

What is Hypochondriasis characterized by?

Preoccupation with fears of serious disease and misinterpretation of bodily symptoms.

Which treatments are effective for Hypochondriasis?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and SSRIs.

What is the prevalence rate of Somatic Symptom Disorders?

2-7%, often chronic, usually occurring in early adulthood.

What are the key features of Somatization Disorder?

Multiple physical complaints without medical explanation, starting before age 30.

Are there notable gender differences in Somatization Disorder?

Yes, 3-10 times more common in women.

What is Pain Disorder?

Severe pain in one or more body areas with significant psychological factors.

What is Illness Anxiety Disorder?

High anxiety about potential illness with minimal to no somatic symptoms.

How common is Illness Anxiety Disorder among individuals with Hypochondriasis?

25% of individuals with Hypochondriasis meet criteria for Illness Anxiety Disorder.

What are the symptoms of Conversion Disorder?

Symptoms affecting sensory or motor functions without a physical basis.

When do symptoms of Conversion Disorder often occur?

After significant stress and can resolve quickly if the stressor is removed.

What are pseudo seizures?

Seizures without neurological abnormalities.

What are key treatment approaches for Somatic Symptom Disorders?

Collaboration with a single physician, combining medical treatment and CBT.

Why is addressing secondary gain important in treatment?

Secondary gain may involve avoidance of responsibilities associated with symptoms.

What is Malingering?

Intentional fabrication of symptoms for external incentives, like financial gain.

What characterizes Factitious Disorder?

Motivation by the 'sick role', seeking attention associated with being ill.

What are Dissociative Disorders?

Disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, and perception.

What is Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder?

Feeling detached from oneself or surroundings, while reality testing remains intact.

When does Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder typically onset?

Around age 23, with chronic cases in 80% of individuals.

What is Dissociative Amnesia characterized by?

Inability to remember autobiographical information, often due to trauma or stress.

What is Dissociative Fugue?

A subtype of Dissociative Amnesia involving sudden travel away from home and inability to recall identity.

What characterizes Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?

Presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states.

What factors are connected to the development of DID?

Often initiated in childhood; trauma and abuse are noted as influential factors.

What does primary gain refer to?

Direct benefits gained from having symptoms, such as avoidance of stress.

What does secondary gain refer to?

External advantages achieved due to symptoms, like attention or financial benefits.

What is Munchausen Syndrome?

A type of factitious disorder where symptoms are deliberately produced to gain sympathy.

What is the treatment goal for Dissociative Identity Disorder?

Integration of the separate identities into one primary identity.

What is the Post-Traumatic Model of DID development?

Suggests DID develops as a coping mechanism from severe trauma.

What is the Socio-Cognitive Theory in relation to DID?

Proposes suggestibility in therapy leads to the adoption of multiple identities.

What is a notable feature of Somatic Symptom Disorders compared to physical conditions?

Somatic Symptom Disorders present physical symptoms without identifiable medical pathology.

What are the methods for treating Conversion Disorder?

Behavioral and cognitive-behavioral therapies aimed at managing symptoms and improving function.

What is a characteristic symptom of Pain Disorder?

Severe pain in one or more body areas related to psychological factors.

What percentage of individuals with DID report severe abuse in their history?

95% of cases.

How does factitious disorder differ from malingering?

Factitious disorder involves seeking attention through illness, while malingering is driven by external incentives.

What proportion of individuals with Hypochondriasis would meet criteria for Illness Anxiety Disorder?

Approximately 25%.

What type of therapy is emphasized in the treatment of DID?

Psychodynamic and insight-oriented approaches.

What common pattern is observed in patients with Conversion Disorder?

Symptoms often arise following significant psychological stress.

In the context of Somatic Symptom Disorders, what is 'excessive time'?

Significant time and energy spent on health concerns or symptoms.

What is the analysis of symptoms in primary and secondary gain in relation to Somatic Disorders?

Primary gain involves internal benefits, while secondary gain includes external advantages.

What can occur alongside Somatization Disorder?

Co-occurrence with mental disorders such as depression and anxiety.

What is a critical factor in resolving Conversion Disorder symptoms?

Removal of the stressor often leads to symptom resolution.