cells , tissues , organizations

What is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things?

cell

What is protoplasm?

the living material inside a cell made of water, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and salts

What structure surrounds every cell and controls what enters and leaves?

cell membrane

Why is the cell membrane called selectively permeable?

it allows some substances to pass while blocking others

What organelle is known as the control center of the cell?

nucleus

What genetic material is found in the nucleus?

DNA

What is chromatin?

DNA and protein in a loose, threadlike form

What structures do chromatin condense into during cell division?

chromosomes

How many chromosomes are found in a human body cell?

46

What organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

ribosomes

What organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

mitochondria

What molecule stores energy for the cell?

ATP

What organelle modifies, packages, and transports proteins?

Golgi apparatus

What organelle contains enzymes that digest waste and old cell parts?

lysosomes

What organelle helps detoxify harmful substances and break down fats?

peroxisomes

What structure provides support and shape to the cell?

cytoskeleton

What type of cell transport involves the cell membrane folding inward?

pinocytosis

What are cilia?

hairlike structures that move materials across the cell surface

What are flagella?

long structures that move the cell or materials along the cell surface

What is mitosis?

cell division for growth and repair producing identical cells

What type of cell division produces sex cells?

meiosis

How many chromosomes are in a human sex cell?

23

What are tissues?

groups of similar cells that perform a specific function

What are the four main types of tissues?

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

What type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines cavities?

epithelial tissue

What type of tissue connects, supports, and protects the body?

connective tissue

What connective tissue stores fat and insulates the body?

adipose tissue

What type of tissue allows movement through contraction?

muscle tissue

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Which muscle tissue is voluntary and attached to bones?

skeletal muscle

Which muscle tissue is involuntary and found in the heart?

cardiac muscle

Which muscle tissue is involuntary and found in organs?

smooth muscle

What type of tissue transmits electrical impulses?

nervous tissue

What are neurons?

cells that transmit nerve impulses

What is the correct order of levels of organization from simplest to most complex?

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism