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Adolescence
The stage of life between childhood and adulthood when people grow, change, and learn things physically, socially, and mentally, ages 11-18
What is the main conflict of adolescense?
Identity vs. Role confusion: figuring out who you are, becoming more independent and building skills for adult life
Puberty
Time between the first onrush of hormones and full adult physical development, ages 8-14, rapid physical growth
Hypothalamus
Small region above pituitary gland, control center of the brain that controls hunger, thirst, and sleep by producing many hormones
Pituitary gland
Gland in brain that responds to a signal from the hypothalamus and activates sex hormones
Circadian rhythm
A day-night cycle of biological activity that occurs approximately every 24 hours
Prefrontal cortex
Helps with planning, decision‑making, problem‑solving, and self‑control, still developing in adolescence and is fully developed around 25
Amygdala
Helps with emotional reactions like fear, stress, and anger, develops during adolescence and becomes more active due to hormonal changes
Nucleus Accumbens
Responds to rewards, excitement, and motivation, plays a role in risk taking
Hippocampus
Helps form memories and supports learning, strengthens connections
Cerebellum
Controls coordination and balance, continues to develop and improves coordination
Corpus collosum
Connects left and right sides of the brain, improves connection between brain hemispheres and helps with multitasking
Frontal lobe
Decision making and judgement, impulse control, planning and problem solving
Parietal lobe
Spatial awareness, processes pain and temperature
Temporal lobe
Hearing, memory, and understanding language
Occipital lobe
Vision, color, shape, and motion recognition
Synapse
Gap between two nerve cells where they communicate
Gray matter
Nerve cell bodies that make up the brains computing power
Pruning
Brain's natural process of eliminating unused or weaker connections while strengthening ones that are active and useful; helps brain become more specialized and faster
How does poor diet impact development?
Stunted growth, weakened immune system and bones, impaired brain function, and mental health and behavior problems