Human Anatomy and Physiology: An Orientation

These flashcards cover key concepts of human anatomy and physiology, including definitions of terms related to structure, function, and body systems.

Anatomy

The study of the structure of the body.

Physiology

The study of the function of the body.

Homeostasis

Maintenance of relatively constant internal conditions despite continuous changes in the environment.

Negative Feedback Mechanism

The primary type of homeostatic control system where the response reduces the original stimulus.

Positive Feedback Mechanism

A rare homeostatic control mechanism where the response enhances the original stimulus.

Macromolecules

Biologically important molecules, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Tissue Level

Tissues consist of similar types of cells that perform a specific function.

Organ Level

Organs are made up of different types of tissues working together.

Organ System Level

Organ systems consist of different organs that work closely together.

Epithelial Tissue

A type of tissue that covers body surfaces and lines cavities.

Skeletal Muscle

Type of muscle tissue that is under voluntary control.

Cardiac Muscle

Type of muscle tissue found only in the heart.

Smooth Muscle

Involuntary muscle found in the walls of hollow organs.

Metabolism

All chemical reactions occurring in the body.

Excretion

The removal of wastes from the body.

Reproduction

The process of producing offspring.

Growth

Increase in size of an organ or organism.

Serous Membranes

Thin, double-layered membranes that line the body cavities.

Parietal Serosa

Lines internal body cavity walls.

Visceral Serosa

Covers the internal organs.