Anatomy - Cram Studying

Endocrine System

TRH

• Location: Hypothalamus (brain)

• Function: Signals the pituitary gland to release TSH.

TSH

• Location: Pituitary gland

• Function: Stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones that control metabolism.

Testosterone

• Location: Mainly testes (small amounts in ovaries and adrenal glands)

• Function: Develops male characteristics and helps with sperm production.

Cortisol

• Location: Adrenal glands

• Function: Helps the body respond to stress, regulates blood sugar, metabolism, and inflammation.

LH (Luteinizing Hormone)

• Location: Pituitary gland

• Function:

  • Females: Triggers ovulation and progesterone production.

  • Males: Stimulates testosterone production.

TRH (Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone)

• Increase: Causes more TSH to be released → Thyroid becomes more active → Metabolism speeds up (possible weight loss, fast heart rate, feeling hot).

• Decrease: Causes less TSH → Thyroid slows down → Metabolism slows (possible weight gain, tiredness, feeling cold).

TRH (Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone) INCREASE

Causes more TSH to be released → Thyroid becomes more active → Metabolism speeds up (possible weight loss, fast heart rate, feeling hot).

TRH (Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone) DECREASE

Causes less TSH → Thyroid slows down → Metabolism slows (possible weight gain, tiredness, feeling cold).

TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) INCREASE

Overstimulates thyroid → Too many thyroid hormones → Body systems speed up (fast heartbeat, nervousness, weight loss).

TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) DECREASE

Thyroid not stimulated enough → Too few thyroid hormones → Body systems slow down (fatigue, weight gain, slower heart rate).

Testosterone INCREASE

Can lead to increased muscle mass, body hair, acne, and faster puberty changes.

Testosterone DECREASE

Can cause low muscle mass, low energy, delayed puberty (in teens), and reduced sperm production in males.

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) INCREASE

Causes adrenal glands to release too much cortisol → May lead to high blood sugar, high stress response, and weakened immune function.

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) DECREASE

Causes low cortisol levels → Trouble responding to stress, fatigue, and low blood pressure.

Cortisol INCREASE

Long-term high levels can cause high blood sugar, weaker immune system, weight gain, and trouble sleeping.

Cortisol DECREASE

Body struggles to handle stress, may cause fatigue, low blood sugar, and low blood pressure.

LH (Luteinizing Hormone) INCREASE

• Females: May cause ovulation changes or irregular menstrual cycles.

• Males: Can increase testosterone production.

LH (Luteinizing Hormone) DECREASE

• Females: May prevent ovulation and cause fertility problems.

• Males: Can lower testosterone production and affect sperm production.