Scramble for Africa

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Industrial Revolution

A period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

Missionaries

people who work to spread their religious beliefs

social darwinism

The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.

Maxim Gun

was invented in 1884 was the world's first automatic machine gun.

colony

A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent.

Protectorate

a state that is controlled and protected by another.

sphere of influence

A foreign region in which a nation has control over trade and other economic activities.

King Leopold

King of Belgium who began imperialistic trade inside of Africa which resulted in the Scramble for Africa.

Berlin Conference

A meeting from 1884-1885 at which representatives of European nations agreed on rules colonization of Africa

Horrors in the Congo

forced subjects into slavery; millions died from overwork and disease, Abuses were widespread, Personal army was called force publique

Boers

Dutch settlers in South Africa

Boer War

Lasting from 1899 to 1902, Dutch colonists and the British competed for control of territory in South Africa.

Apartheid

Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.

White Man's Burden

idea that many European countries had a duty to spread their religion and culture to those less civilized

Cecil Rhodes

Born in 1853, played a major political and economic role in colonial South Africa. He was a financier, statesman, and empire builder with a philosophy of mystical imperialism.

Nelson Mandela