HIS 007: The Contemporary World Module #7.8

1. Assassination

The killing of a person in a planned or

secret attack. (This term describes a possible consequence of the challenged duel.)

Cortes

The national legislature of Spain that the Propagandists sought

representation for Filipinos in.

Duel:

A formal arranged combat between two people with deadly weapons to settle a dispute.

Exile:

A person forced to live outside their country.

5. Filipinization:

The process of replacing Spanish people in positions of power with Filipinos.

La Solidaridad:

A newspaper published by the Propaganda Movement to advocate for reform.

National identity:

A sense of belonging to a particular nation.

Nelly Boustead:

A woman who was the object of Rizal and Luna's romantic attention.

Propaganda Movement:

A group of Filipinos living in Europe who advocated for reform in the

Philippines during the late 19th century.

Propagandists:

Members of the Propaganda Movement who advocated for reform in the

Philippines.

Retraction (referring to Retana):

A statement that takes back a previous claim, which Retana did

to resolve the conflict with Rizal.

Rizalistas (supporters of Rizal):

The faction within the Propaganda Movement that supported

Rizal's

Ilustrado:

A member of the educated Filipino class during the Spanish colonial period who pushed for

reforms through writing and peaceful advocacy.

La Solidaridad:

A reformist newspaper published in Spain by Filipino expatriates that voiced the goals

and demands of the Propaganda Movement.

Reform:

A peaceful change or improvement in laws, systems, or practices—especially to correct

injustices or inequality.

Nationalism:

A strong sense of pride and loyalty to one’s country or people, often leading to a desire

for independence or self-rule.

5. Friar:

A member of a religious order (like the Dominicans or Franciscans) who held power in the

Philippines during Spanish rule and often controlled land, schools, and churches.

La Solidaridad

Published in Spain and edited by Marcelo H. del Pilar.

● Featured articles on abuses in the Philippines, political reforms, and equality.

● Contributed by José Rizal, Graciano López Jaena, Mariano Ponce, and others.

Public Speaking and Advocacy

The propagandists held speeches, debates, and discussions in Europe.

● They lobbied Spanish liberals and politicians to support their reform agenda.

José Rizal

Wrote Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo to expose colonial abuses.

Advocated for civic rights and education.

Marcelo H. del

Pilar

Editor of La Solidaridad. Criticized friar abuses through satirical writings

like Dasalan at Tocsohan.

Graciano López

Jaena

Founded La Solidaridad. Known for powerful speeches and essays like

Fray Botod (a satire on corrupt friars).

Mariano Ponce

Managed correspondence and propaganda logistics. Wrote about

Filipino history and nationalism.

Antonio Luna

Contributed scientific and political essays to La Solidaridad. Later

became a general in the Philippine Revolution.

1. Lack of Funds

2. Limited Support from Spain

3. Disconnected from the Masses

4. End of La Solidaridad

Reasons for Decline and Failure

1. Lack of Funds

Publishing in Europe was expensive, and the group often struggled financially.

2. Limited Support from Spain

– The Spanish government and Catholic Church resisted change.

3. Disconnected from the Masses

Most Filipinos were unaware of the movement due to illiteracy and

distance.

4. End of La Solidaridad

Publication stopped in 1895 due to lack of support.

● Inspired the Katipunan

● National Awakening

● Paved the way for revolution

● Elevated intellectual discourse

Legacy and Impact

● Inspired the Katipunan

– Andrés Bonifacio and other revolutionaries were influenced by the

movement’s ideas.

● National Awakening

– Helped shape a Filipino identity and nationalism.

● Paved the way for revolution

Shifted the struggle from peaceful reforms to armed resistance.

● Elevated intellectual discourse

– Promoted the importance of education, civic responsibility, and

national pride.