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epidermal tissue
covered with waxy cuticle to reduce water loss by evaporation
upper epidermis
transparent so light can pass to palisade layer
palisade layer
lots of chloroplasts
xylem
transports water and minerals. forms a central column
phloem
transports sugars and amino acids dissolved in water. towards the centre, outside the xylem.
guard cell
opens and closes stomata. regulates gas exchange and water loss.
spongey mesophyll
increase rate of diffusion of gases within the leaf and provides space for gas exchange.