orgo ch 1

alkanes

cn hnplus2

1 carbon

meth

2 carbon

eth

3 carbon

prop

4 carbon

but

5 c

pent

6 carbon

hex

7 carbon

hept

8 carbon

oct

9 carbon

non

10 carbon

dec

primary carbon

carbon attached to anther carbon

secondary carbon

carbon attached to 2 other carbons

tertiary carbon

carbon attached to 3 other carbon

quaternary

carbon attached to 4 other carbon

constitutional isomers

same molecular formula but different connectivity of bonds, same degree of unsaturation

stereoisomers

same molecular formula, same connectivity of bonds but different orientation of groups

alkyl group

substituent group derived from alkane by removing h atom

cycloalkanes

cn h2n

alkenes

have double bond, adiene, atriene

alkyne

have triple bond

iupac rule

lower number to suffix function group, then multiple bonds, then substituents

carboxylic acid

cooh, oic acid

sulfonic acid

so3h, sulfonic acid

ester

coo, oate

acid chloride

cocl, oyl chloride

amide

conh2, amide

nitrile

cn, nitrile

aldehyde

cho, al

ketone

co, one

alcohol

oh, ol

thiol

sh, thiol

amine

nh2, amine

positional isomers

constitutional isomers, same mf, different properties due to different position of fg

functional isomers

constitutional isomers, same mf, different properties due to different functional groups

degree of unsaturation

total number of multiple bonds and cyclic rings

vinyl

allyl

nh2 prefix

amino

br prefix

bromo

cl prefix

chloro

cn prefix

cyano

f prefix

fluoro

cho prefix

formyl

oh prefix

hydroxy

i prefix

iodo

no2 prefix

nitro

sh prefix

mercapto

o prefix

oxo

toluene

aniline

phenol

anisole

isopropyl

rchch3ch3

sec butyl

rchch3ch2ch3

tert butyl

rcch3ch3ch3

isobutyl

rch2chch3ch3