Unit 4- Aldehydes & Ketones

Aldehyde: carbonyl group (c double bond O) between a hydrocarbon-type carbon (only C and H)

Ketone: carbonyl group (C double bond O) between hydrocarbon-type carbons (C and H)

What is the boiling point for an aldehyde?

49.0 C

What is the boiling point for a ketone?

56.0 C

What are the intermolecular forces of aldehydes and ketones?

Strong dipole-dipole forces 

IUPAC aldehyde nomenclature

1. find longest continuous carbon chain containing carbonyl carbon

2. remove “-e” from corresponding alkane name and replace it with “-al”

3. number parent chain giving “1” designation to carbonyl carbon

4. name and number substituents and continue accordingly

IUPAC ketone nomenclature 

1. find longest continuous carbon chain containing carbonyl carbon

2. remove “-e” from corresponding alkane name and replace it with “-one”

3. number parent chain giving “1” designation to carbonyl carbon

4. prefix parent name with number of ketone carbonyl

5. name and number substituents and continue accordingly

Ketone common nomenclature

3 words d

describing carbon architecture around the ketone carbonyl

Condensation reaction of aldehyde

Condensation reaction for ketone

Ketal vs Acetal?

Is there hydroxyl (-OH) directly attatched to central carbon?

—> yes: “hemi” in name

—> no: “hemi” not in name

Is there a hydrogen (-H) directly attached to central carbon?

—> yes: word contains “acetal”

—> no: word contains “ketal”