Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces- Mod 4 Lesson 6

Centripetal forces

Forces that tend to unite or bind a country together

centrifugal force

a force that divides people and countries

Centrifugal force examples

-Physical geography

-Religious diversity

-Multiple ethnic groups

-Autonomous groups

-Subnationalism

-Ideology

-Nationalism

-Multiple languages

-Powerful external threat

-Separatist groups

Centripetal force examples

-Constitution

-Physical geography

-Infrastructure

-Single language

-Schools

-Powerful external threat

-Nationalism

-Armed forces

-State church

-Homogenous culture

Constitution

A document which spells out the principles by which a government runs and the fundamental laws that govern a society

Physical geography

the study of physical features of the earth's surface

Ideology

a system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy

Autonomous groups

Groups that control decisions about and execution of a complete range of tasks

Cold War (1945-1991)

A war of words and threats between the United States and the Soviet Union that was marked primarily by a political and economic, rather than military, struggle between the two nations

President Truman

US President who agreed to assist France rather than Vietnam because they were allies in previous wars

democratic

ruled by the people. In a democracy, citizens elect representatives to make and carry out laws

communist

Command system, government owns the means of production, economic decisions are made by central government, and government provides extensive social programs for population

Democratization

the process of creating a government elected by the people

buffer zone

an area of land that serves as a barrier

satellite states

Eastern European states under the control of the Soviet Union during the Cold War

Iron Curtain

A political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eastern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region

Saul Cohen

Shatterbelt Theory -Proposed in 1950 by Saul Cohen

-Modifies Mackinder's theory heartland into "pivot area" and rimland into "inner crescent"

-Rest of world outer crescent

-Cold war conflicts likely to occur within inner crescent

-Pointed several inner crescent areas of geopolitical weakness called shatterbelts

Shatterbelt Theory

Cohen's theory that armed conflicts after 1950 would likely occur in areas within the Middle East

Pivot Area

Also called the Heartland, it's a landlocked region of central Eurasia whose control thought of as the key to world domination

Inner Crescent

Mackinder's area of Europe and Asia beyond mountains, right around Heartland

Outer Crescent

the rest of the world, including the U.S.

Heartland Theory

Hypothesis proposed by Halford MacKinder that held that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world

Rimland Theory

Nicholas Spykman's theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia would provided the base for world conquest

US policy of containment

measures to prevent spread of communism

Mikhail Gorbachev

Soviet statesman whose foreign policy brought an end to the Cold War and whose domestic policy introduced major reforms

Balkanization

Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities

Balkans

Various peoples in this area of Eastern Europe rebelled against Ottoman rule, contributing to their imperial decline

Cyprus Conflict

Conflict here between Turks and Greeks who both claimed the island as their homeland