Biochemistry (amino acids) - Irene Gold Booklet :)

How many amino acids

20

What part of the amino acid determines function

R-group (side chain)

Amino acids that interact strongly with water are considered

Polar amino acids

What is the term for amino acids that cannot be made in the body

Essential amino acids

What amino acids contain sulfur

Methionine, cysteine, cystine

What are the branched-chain amino acids

leucine, isoleucine, valine

What are complete proteins

proteins that contain all 10 essential amino acids (animal proteins)

What are the aromatic amino acids

phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan

Wheat is considered an incomplete protein because it is missing what amino acid

Lysine

Amino acids that are hydrophobic are called

Non-polar

Arginine, asparagine and aspartic acid are all _____ amino acids (polar or non-polar)

Polar

Glutamine and glutamic acid are _____ amino acids (hydrophillic or hydrophobic)

Hydrophillic

Alanine, cysteine, and glycine are all _____ amino acids (polar or non-polar)

Non-polar

Leucine, isoleucine, valine, proline, phenylalanine are all _____ amino acids (hydrophillic or hydrophobic)

Hydrophobic

Which of the following is a polar amino acid

- valine

- methionine

- histidine

- leucine

Histidine

Which of the following is a non-polar amino acid

- tyrosine

- threonine

- lysine

- serine

Tyrosine

What are the essential amino acids

Lysine, leucine, isoleucine, histidine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, threonine, arginine, methionine, valine

What are the polar amino acids

Arginine

Asparagine

Aspartic acid

Glutamine

Glutamic acid

Histidine

Lysine

Serine

Threonine

What are the non-polar amino acids?

Glycine, Alanine, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Proline

function of glucogenic amino acids

Produce intermediates of the Krebs cycle (ie pyruvates) for gluconeogenesis

What amino acids are acidic

aspartic acid, glutamic acid

What amino acids make aspartame

Phenylalanine and aspartic acid

What amino acids are basic

Lysine, histidine, arginine

What do ketogenic amino acids produce

acetyl CoA and acetoacetyl CoA

What amino acids are exclusively ketogenic

leucine and lysine

What is the amino acid precursor to carnitine

Lysine

Epinephrine is derived from what amino acids

Phenylalaline -> tyrosine -> L-Dopa

Inability to convert L-Dopa into melanin is called

Albinism

Melatonin and nicotinamide are both derived from what amino acid

Tryptophan

What makes up glutathione

glycine, cysteine, glutamate

Function of glutathione

Tissue building/repair, make chemicals and proteins, immune functioning