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FDR

FDR

Franklin Roosevelt, president during Great Depression from 1932-1945, demand side economic

New Deal

multipart plan to help ease economic hardship for country

Hoover

president pre-FDR, supply side economic

Brain trust

group of diverse people to advice FDR, including republicans and a woman (Frances Perkins)

RRR

relief, recovery, reform; what FDR wanted to acheive with new deal

bank holiday

1933, all banks closed for 4 days to organize accounts and prepare

fireside chat

FDR got on radios to talk about new deal and other govt issues, popularized him, restored faith in govt

FDIC

1933, insured money in banks, if banks collapsed people wouldn’t lose all their money, restored faith

SEC

securities and exchange commission; regulate stock market

AAA

1933, agricultural adjustment act; end overproduction and raise prices for crops, paid farmers to not plant part of land and kill extra livestock

TVA

1933 tenessee valley authority; built hydroelectric dams, controlled flooding, cheaper and cleaner energy for extremely poor area, had some negative effect on envmt

CCC

1933 civilian conservation corps; provided jobs to lots of men, govt work like building trails and digging irrigation ditches, became inclusive to include more races

FERA

1933 federal emergency relief act; gave funds to agencies to help unemployed

HOLC

1933 home owners loan corporation; loaned money with low interest rates to poor

FHA

1933 federal housing administration; insured loans used for building or fixing houses

NIRA

1933 national industry recovery act, made NRA

NRA

1933 national recovery administration; regulated minimum prices for goods and minimum wages to create fair competition

PWA

1933 public works administration; built many important things such as bridges, power plants, etc that made many jobs

Alfred E Smith

ran for pres 1928, thought new deal went too far/spent too much money and made govt too powerful

Francis Townsend

doctor, thought govt should provide money for elderly, thought new deal didnt spend enough money

Charles COughlin

popular radio show person (?), extremist ideals and was opposed to new deal

Huey Long

louisiana senator, wanted to put high taes on rich and redistribute the wealth to the poor, assassinated in 1935

second new deal

second part to new deal? someone send help

WPA

1935 works progress administration; built highways, promoted soil/water conservation, funded artists, created lots of jobs

harry hopkins

president of WPA

demand side / keynesian / pump priming economics

ideal that to fix economy you give money and jobs to the poor so they can buy more stuff, coined by John Keynes

supply side economics

ideal that to fix economy you give money to large corporations so they expand and make more jobs, doesnt really work

Social security act

1935; unemployment insurance, insurance for work related accidents, aid to poor mothers, blind and disabled, originally did not apply to African-americans and valued men > women

REA

1935 rural electrification administration; loaned money to electric companies to build power lines to isolated/rural areas

BPA

1941 bonneville power administration; controlled flooding and provided electricity to pacific northwest

Wagner act

also known as national labor relations act (NLRA); gave workers right to collective bargaining, led to national labor relations board (NLRB) which looked into worker complaints

fair labor standards act

1938; minimum wage 25c/hr, max hours a week and outlawed child labor

AFL

american federation of labor; skilled workers, did not organize very well

CIO

congress of industrial organizations; John Lewis was pres, same thing as AFL but better, had poorer and more diverse people in it

food, drug, and cosmetic act

1938; no more mislabeling of food

UAW

1936 united automobile workers union; held a sit down strike in flint, very successful, lasted 44 days, popularized workers unions

Schechter poultry vs united states

1935; court case that ruled the NIRA unconstitutional

court packing

1937; FDR proposed adding new justices that would support the new deal so they wouldnt be overruled; made him less popular

Justice Owen J Roberts

deciding vote in supreme court rulings that kept new deal pacts

Eleanor Roosevelt

transformed role of First Lady, travelled and publicized her husband, supported arts, womens rights, provided women with direct access to pres, also used position to protest racial discrimination

Black cabinet

informal group of African- americans to advise pres, didn’t always listen to them

indian new deal

made by john collier, gave native americans greater control over their own affairs, included creation of indian ccc, indian reorganization act of 1934, and the bureau of indian affairs encourage native customs

navajo livestock reduction program

forced navajo to sell or kill thousands of sheep, main food source, supposedly caused soil erosion

new deal coalition

more people voted left including southern whites, northern blue collar workers, poor midwestern farmers and african americans. this gave the democratic a huge boost in state/local elections, the senate, and pres elections

world war ii

ended depression because of mass spending

welfare state

govt that provides for welfare of children, poor, elderly, sick, disabled, and unemployed; first time that many americans received aid from govt

nature conservation

FDR tried to help fix the dust bowl,and created national parks; some projects such as dams had negative effects on envmt

22nd ammendment

1951; created bc of FDR, only 2 terms

escapism

many people watched movies/ listened to radio shows to escape their hardships

NBC, CBS

popular radio companies

MGM, Warner Brothers, Twentieth century fox, paramount

popular film companies

frank captra

director of movies that showcased an average american as the main protagonist; Mr Smith Goes to Washington

federal art project, federal writers project, federal theater project

provided jobs for artists, controversial and seen as radical by some conservatives

literature of the depression

focused on personal stories, documented life at the time

Bing Crosby

crooner/singer of 1930s, big influence on culture and music