BUSH 1920s Test

Fordney-McCumber Tariff

raised taxes on some US imports to 60% - protects businesses from foreign competition (chemical & metals)

Bootlegger

Someone who illegally made, transported, or sold alcohol during prohibition helping supply speakeasies and underground bars.

NAACP

Urged African Americans to protest racial violence. WEB DuBois a founding member led parade of 10,000 African American men in New York City to protest, event is called silent parade - had magazine the crisis.

Teapot Dome Scandal

President Harding's secretary of the interior (Albert B. Fall) secretly leased oil-rich public land to private companies in return for money and land.

Fundamentalism

Movement in the 1920s that emphasized a strict literal interpretation of the bible opposing modern ideas about science and society - no teaching evolution!

Harlem Renaissance

A literary and artistic movement celebrating African American culture. Harlem grew to become the center of Black America and became the birthplace of the cultural movement.

Consumerism

A preoccupation with the purchasing of material goods.

Scopes trial

Famous court case in 1925 where a teacher, John Scopes, was tried for teaching evolution/clash between science and religion - found guilty & fined $100.

Quota System

A system that sets limits on how many immigrants from various countries a nation will admit each year - Emergency quota Act of 1921 set it up to cut European immigration sharply.

Installment Plan

An arrangement where a purchaser pays a payment over an extended time without having to put down a lot of money at the time of purchase.

Flapper

Young woman in 1920s who rejected traditional values by wearing short dresses, cutting hair into bobs, smoking, drinking, jazz clubs symbolized a new freedom and independence.

Prohibition

Nationwide ban on manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages - Led to illegal drinking and organized crime - 18th amendment.

Xenophobia

An unreasoned fear of things or people seen as foreign or strange. This is shown during the anti-German sentiment where schools stopped teaching German language and films.

Modernism

Artistic movement rejected traditional art as outdated and no longer meaningful in the new industrialized, urban world.

Speakeasy

Secret bar or nightclub where people illegally drank alcohol during prohibition.

Nativism

Favoring the interests of Native born people over foreign born people.

Communism

An economic and political system based on one-party government and state ownership of property.

Sacco and Vanzetti Trial

Men arrested and charged for the murder of a factory paymaster and his guard; witnesses said the criminals appeared to be Italians; the evidence against them was circumstantial; the jury found them guilty & sentenced them to death.

Isolationism

Opposition to political and economic entanglements with other countries; the US adopted an isolationist policy after WW1, disengaging with other global affairs.

Anarchists

A person who opposes all forms of government; this group of people were targeted by Palmer's 'Palmer raids' when hunting suspected communists and socialists.

Ohio gang

A group of close friends and political supporters whom president Harding appointed to his cabinet.

Urban sprawl

The unplanned and uncontrolled spreading of cities into surrounding regions.

Double standard

A set of principles granting greater sexual freedom to men than to women.

Langston Hughes

Was the movement's best known poet; many of his poems described the difficult lives of working class African Americans; he gained an international reputation for his works.

Paul Robeson

The son of a one-time slave, became a major dramatic actor; he performed in Shakespeare's Othello; he supported the Soviet Union and the Communist Party.

Duke Ellington

One of the greatest composers of the 20th century; was a largely self-taught musician; his first song is 'Soda Fountain Rag' played at Cotton Club.

Bessie Smith

A female blues singer, astounding vocalist of the decade.

Louis Armstrong

African American Jazz Musician during the Harlem Renaissance, known for his ability to improvise.

Warren G. Harding

Ohio Republican presidential candidate promised 'normalcy' if he were elected; his administration was known for scandals.

Charles Evans Hughes

Secretary of state urged that no more warships be built for 10 years; suggested 5 naval powers - US, UK, Japan, Italy; Washington Naval Conference (disarmament conference).

Albert B. Fall

Managed to get the oil reserves transferred from the navy to the interior department; received 400,000 in 'loans'; found guilty of bribery.

Calvin Coolidge

President upon the death of President Harding.

Favored laissez faire economic policy

Businesses should not be regulated!

John L. Lewis

Leader for United Mine Workers of America, got a 27% wage increase.

CIO

Congress of Industrial Organizations, founded by John L. Lewis.

Charles A. Lindbergh

Made the first non-stop solo flight across the Atlantic for a 25,000 prize.

George Gershwin

Merged popular concert music with American jazz.

Rhapsody In Blue

A musical composition by George Gershwin.

Georgia O'Keeffe

Produced intensely coloured canvases that captured the grandeur of New Mexico.

Sinclair Lewis

First American to win Nobel Prize in literature; known for the novel 'Babbit' which ridiculed Americans.

Ernest Hemingway

Criticized the glorification of war and introduced a simplified and tough writing style.

F. Scott Fitzgerald

Wrote 'Great Gatsby', revealing the negative side of the period's freedom.

Zora Neale Hurston

Wrote stories, poems, and books of folklore, celebrating the lives of poor, unschooled blacks.

Edna St. Vincent Millay

Wrote poems celebrating youth and a life of independence from traditional constraints.

James Weldon Johnson

NAACP executive secretary who fought to protect African American rights.

Marcus Garvey

African American leader who promoted self-reliance and encouraged followers to return to Africa.

Black Nationalism

The idea that all black people are one and should unite.

Claude McKay

A novelist and poet who urged African Americans to resist prejudice and discrimination.

Al Capone

Gangster who bootlegged whisky from Canada and operated illegal breweries in Chicago.

Irving Berlin

Songwriter who wrote 'White Christmas'.

Edward Kennedy 'Duke' Ellington

Jazz pianist and composer who led a ten-piece orchestra at the Cotton Club.