Pharmacology Review for Clinicals

What does AIDET stand for?

A: Acknowledge

I: Introduction

D: Duration

E: Explanation

T: Thanks

What does SABA stand for?

Short Acting Beta Agonist

What does a SABA do? (Answer for patient)

Opens up your airways

What does a SABA do? (Answer for review)

relaxes smooth tissue → causes bronchodilation

What are examples of SABAs?

• Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin, ProAir)

• Levelbuterol (Xopenex)

Albuterol aka

Proventil, Ventolin, ProAir

Albuterol Dose:

0.5% (2.5mg/0.5ml)

Levelbuterol aka

Xopenex

Levelbuterol Dose:

1.25mg in 3mL

What are the side effects of Levelbuterol?

• Tremors and heart rate changes

• Expensive

What does a LABA stand for?

Long Acting Beta Agonist

What does a LABA do? (Answer for patient)

Opens up your airway (long-term)

What does a LABA do? (Answer for review)

Relaxes smooth muscle → causes bronchodilation for a long period of time

What are examples of LABAs?

• Arformoterol (Brovana)

• Formoterol (Foradil/ Perforomist)

• Indacaterol (Arcapta)

• Salmeterol (Serevent)

• Olodaterol (Striverdi)

• Vilantrol

Arformoterol aka

Brovana

Arformeterol Dose:

15mcg/2mL

TIP FOR SABAS AND LAMAS:

"-erol” = adrenergic bronchodilators

Describe a SAMA

• SAMAs

  • quick-acting bronchodilators used for immediate relief of asthma symptoms

  • used for tx of acute bronchospasms

  • first line tx for asthma and COPD exacerbations

Describe a LABA

• LABAs

  • long-term (12-24hrs) control and prevention of asthma symptoms

  • often in combination with inhaled corticosteroids

  • NOT FOR ACUTE BRONCHOSPASMS OR ASTHMA (by itself)

What does a SAMA stand for?

Short Acting Muscarinic Antagonist

What does a SAMA do? (Answer for patient)

Opens up your airway and loosens up your mucus

What does a SAMA do? (Answer for review)

blocks Ach at muscarinic receptor

What are examples of SAMAs?

Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)

Ipratropium Bromide aka

Atrovent

Ipratropium Bromide Dose:

0.5mg/2.5mL

What does a LAMA stand for?

Long Acting Muscarinic Antagonist

What does a LAMA do? (Answer for patient)

Opens up your airway and loosens up your secretions for a long period of time

What does a LAMA do? (Answer for review)

blocks Ach at muscarinic receptor for a long period of time

What are examples of LAMA?

• Aclidinium

• Glycopyrrolate

• Umeclidinium

• Tiotropium Bromide (Spiriva)

Tiotropium Bromide aka

Spiriva

Tiotropium Bromide Dose:

18mcg

What does a Combo Agonist/Muscarinic do? (Answer for patient)

Opens up your airway and thins your mucus (specifically to relieve symptoms with COPD/Asthma)

What does a Combo Agonist/Muscarinic do? (Answer for review)

Beta-2 agonists stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, causing the muscles in the airways to relax, while muscarinic antagonists block the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that causes the muscles to contract. This dual action leads to more effective bronchodilation

Examples of Combo Agonist/Muscarinic

• SABA/SAMA

  • Duoneb

  • Combivent

• LABA/SAMA

  • Anoro Ellipta

  • Symbicort

  • Advair

  • Breo Ellipta

  • Dulera

Duoneb aka

Atrovent and Albuterol

Duoneb Dosage:

0.5mg and 3.5mg per 3mL

What is a corticosteroid?

steroids that are systemic/inhaled for lower airway inflammation

What does a corticosteroid do? (Answer for patient)

Helps with inflammation

What does a corticosteroid do? (Answer for review)

are medications that mimic the effects of hormones produced by the adrenal glands, primarily reducing inflammation and suppressing the immune system

What is an example of a corticosteroid?

Budesonide (pulmicort)

Budesonide Dose?

0.25mg/2mL

What is a Mucolytic?

any agent that breaks down the structure of mucus, reducing viscocity, and elasticity

What does a mucolytic do? (Answer for the patient)

Helps thin your mucus and helps with cough

What does a mucolytic do? (Answer for the review)

Reduces the accumulation of secretions which in turn improves pulmonary function and gas exchange

What is an example of a Mucolytic?

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

Acetylcysteine aka

Mucomyst

Acetylcysteine Dose:

2-5mL of 10%

What is an Antibiotic?

medications that specifically target and combat bacterial infections, either by killing the bacteria or preventing their growth and multiplication

What does an Antibiotic do? (Answer for patient)

Help cough out easier

What is an example of an Antibiotic?

Tobramycin (usually used for CF)

Tobi Dose:

300mg 2x

What order of medications is given to the patient?

• SABA/LABA

• SAMA/LAMA

• ICS

• Duoneb

1. Short acting

2. Long acting

3. ICS

   (if Duoneb, replaces 1 and 2)