US 3

Confederacy

A loose union of independent states; name of government used by the southern states that seceded during the Civil War

Ku Klux Klan

White supremacy organisation that intimidated blacks out of their newly found liberties

Billie Holiday

Sang the song 'Strange Fruit'

How many slave states and how many free states in 1860?

15 slave, 19 free

amount of states that seceded in 1860-1861

11

Which were the border states in 1860?

Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri. They stayed in the union after Lincoln was elected.

Approximate amount of soldiers killed and what percent of the population?

750 thousand soldiers

2,5% of the population

How many soldiers on both sides?

Union army: 2,1 million

confederacy: 880 000

Number of African American soldiers in the civil war?

180 000

Peculiar Institution

A euphemism for slavery and the economic ramifications of it in the American South. The term aimed to explain away the seeming contradiction of legalized slavery in a country whose Declaration of Independence states that "all men are created equal". It was one of the key causes of the Civil War.

Fugitive Slave Acts

1793/1850

A law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders. It basically radicalised the abolitionists because people in the North felt morally compromised by this.

Louisiana Purchase

1803

Purchase of the Louisiana territory from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US. There was always discussion about whether the new states would be free or slave states.

The underground railroad

A system of people and connections that helped enslaved African Americans follow a network of escape routes out of the South to freedom in the North.

Missouri Compromise

"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states.

Compromise of 1850

Includes California admitted as a free state, the Fugitive Slave Act, Made popular sovereignty in most other states from Mexican- American War. designed to ease tension caused by the expansion of slavery into the western territories.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

1854 - Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty. This almost caused civil war in Kansas.

Dred Scott v. San(d)ford

Supreme Court case that decided US Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in federal territories and slaves, as private property, could not be taken away without due process - basically slaves would remain slaves in non-slave states and slaves could not sue because they were not citizens

Polygenesis

Theory by Josiah Nott (surgeon) that different races had different evolutionary backgrounds and white people were better basically.

Natt Turner

1831 - Led Rebellion of armed slaves killing white farm owners

Harper's Ferry Raid

Occurred in October of 1859. John Brown of Kansas attempted to create a major revolt among the slaves. He wanted to ride down the river and provide the slaves with arms from the North, but he failed to get the slaves organized. Brown was captured. The effects of Harper's Ferry Raid were as such: the South saw the act as one of treason and were encouraged to separate from the North, and Brown became a martyr to the northern abolitionist cause.

Bessie Brown

Singer of "Song from a Cotton Field"

A house divided against itself cannot stand

June 16 1858

Lincoln's quote concerning secession saying that a country that is divided can't accomplish much of anything, said during his campaign speech.

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States of America

Lincoln was part of what party?

Republican. They were anti-slavery.

Lincoln wins election

1860, with 39,9% of votes (minority vote)

February 1861

The southern states that seceded create the Confederate States of America; Jeff Davis is appointed President of the Confederacy.

Stephen A. Douglas

Senator from Illinois who ran for president against Abraham Lincoln. He won a senate seat which essentially disqualified him for national politics.

The paradox of the civil war

When some southern states declared independence and thus leaving their congress seats, they made it possible for a 75% majority vote to pass regarding abolition. Otherwise it would never have happened.

Fort Sumter

12th April 1861 (first shots)

Federal fort in the harbour of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War

Battle of Vicksburg

1863 (May 18 - July 4)

Union gains control of Mississippi, confederacy split in two, Grant takes lead of Union armies, total war begins. The outcome tipped the balance of the war.

Ulysses S. Grant

General of the Union Army, led at the battle of Vicksburg

Gettysburg Address

November 1863

A speech given by Abraham Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg, in which he praised the bravery of Union soldiers and renewed his commitment to winning the Civil War; supported the ideals of self-government and human rights (quote on ppt)

Emancipation Proclamation

1st January 1863

Signed by abraham Lincoln, it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free. (quote on ppt)

End of Civil War

April 9, 1865 - General Robert E. Lee surrenders to General US Grant

Lincoln was assassinated

April 14 1865

At Ford's Theater while watching 'Our American Cousin'

Who killed Lincoln?

John Wilkes Booth, an actor

Who became president after Lincoln?

Andrew Johnson (Lincoln's VP)

Reconstruction

1865-1877; the attempt to rebuild and reform the political, social, and economic systems of the South after the Civil War.

Naked, hungry and destitute to the open sky

Frederick Douglass

Jim Crow Laws

Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites

Black Codes

Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves

Social Engineering programs

Also bad for African Americans, more discrimination I assume

Gilded Age

1877-1893

A time of great economic expansion. Term coined by Mark Twain

The Incorporation of America

see ppt

Knights of Labor

1869 - 1st effort to create National union. Vague program, no clear goals, weak leadership and organisation.

Wall Street Crash

1873

Great Railroad Strike

1877

A large number of railroad workers went on strike because of wage cuts. After a month of strikes, President Hayes sent troops to stop the rioting. The worst railroad violence was in Pittsburgh, with over 40 people killed by militia men.

Haymarket Riots

This was a riot in Chicago in 1886, where the bombing forever associated anarchists with the labor movement and hurt the labor cause. The Knights of Labor had 700 thousand members at this point.

Social Darwinism

(Herbert Spencer) The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.

technological determinism

the notion that developments in technology provide the primary driving force behind social change

"individualism is gone" quote

J.D. Rockefeller, Standard Oil Company

"An injury to one is a concern to all"

Knights of Labor motto