Joints and Movement

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to joints and movement as discussed in the lecture.

Joints

Connections between bones that are essential for movement and stability.

Structural classification of joints

Based on the connective tissue that binds bones: fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial.

Functional classification of joints

Describes the degree of movement: synarthrosis (non-movable), amphiarthrosis (slightly movable), diarthrosis (freely movable).

Fibrous joints

Joints united by fibrous connective tissue with little to no movement.

Sutures

Fibrous joints found in the skull where opposing bones interdigitate.

Syndesmoses

Fibrous joints where bones are joined by ligaments and have some movement.

Gomphoses

Specialized fibrous joints where pegs fit into sockets, such as teeth in their sockets.

Cartilaginous joints

Joints that unite two bones by a pad of cartilage.

Synchondroses

Cartilaginous joints joined by hyaline cartilage that exhibit little or no movement.

Symphyses

Cartilaginous joints that contain fibrocartilage and allow slight movement.

Synovial joints

Joints characterized by a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid allowing for considerable movement.

Articular cartilage

Hyaline cartilage that provides a smooth surface at the ends of bones in synovial joints.

Bursae

Pockets of synovial membrane and fluid that help reduce friction in joints.

Hinge joints

Synovial joints that allow movement primarily in one plane, like the elbow.

Ball-and-socket joints

Multiaxial synovial joints such as the shoulder and hip joints that allow for rotational movement.

Flexion

A movement that decreases the angle between body parts.

Extension

A movement that increases the angle between body parts.

Abduction

Movement away from the median plane of the body.

Adduction

Movement toward the median plane of the body.

Rotation

Circular movement around an axis.

Pronation

Movement that turns the palm down or backward.

Supination

Movement that turns the palm up or forward.

Range of Motion (ROM)

Amount of mobility demonstrated at a joint, which can be active or passive.

Dislocation

Articulating surfaces of a joint are moved out of proper alignment.

Arthritis

Joint inflammation that can be caused by wear and tear or autoimmune diseases.