Unit 1 Gov Vocab

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Government

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50 Terms

1

Government

The system or organization that makes and enforces rules and laws for a society.

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2

Collective Good

Something that benefits everyone in a community, like clean air or national defense.

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3

Politics

The process of making decisions and policies for a group or society.

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4

Political Participation

Involvement in activities related to government, such as voting or protesting.

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5

Linkage Institution

A channel that connects citizens to government, like political parties or the media.

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6

Policy Agenda

The list of issues that government is currently addressing or considering.

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7

Policy Makers/Policy Making Institutions

Individuals or organizations responsible for creating and implementing government policies.

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8

Public Policy

Decisions and actions taken by the government to address societal issues.

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9

Majority Rule

The principle that decisions are made by the choice of more than half the people.

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10

Minority Rights

Protections for individuals and groups who are not in the majority, ensuring their rights are respected.

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11

Pluralism

The idea that multiple groups and interests influence government decisions.

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12

Elitism

The belief that a small, privileged group holds significant power in society and government.

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13

Hyper-Pluralism

A situation where too many interest groups compete, leading to government inefficiency.

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14

Policy Gridlock

When government is unable to make decisions or pass laws due to disagreement and inaction.

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15

Constitution

A fundamental document that establishes a government's structure and principles.

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16

Declaration of Independence

A document that announced the American colonies' independence from British rule.

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17

Natural Rights

Basic rights, like life and liberty, that people have inherently and should be protected by government.

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18

Consent of the Governed

The idea that government's legitimacy comes from the approval of the people it governs.

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19

Articles of Confederation

The first American constitution, creating a loose union of states.

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20

Shay's Rebellion

A 1786 revolt by farmers in Massachusetts against oppressive economic policies.

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21

Factions

Groups or political parties with shared interests and goals.

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22

New Jersey Plan

A proposal at the Constitutional Convention for equal state representation in Congress.

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23

Virginia Plan

A proposal at the Constitutional Convention for representation in Congress based on population.

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24

Connecticut Compromise

The agreement that created a bicameral Congress with both equal and proportional representation.

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25

Writ of Habeas Corpus

A legal order requiring a person's release if they are held without a fair trial.

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26

Separation of Powers

The division of government into branches with distinct roles (executive, legislative, judicial).

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27

Checks and Balances

A system where each branch of government can limit the power of the other branches.

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28

Republic

A form of government where elected representatives make decisions on behalf of the people.

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29

Federalists

Supporters of the U.S. Constitution and a strong federal government.

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30

Anti-Federalists

Opponents of the U.S. Constitution, concerned about centralized power.

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31

Federalist Papers

A series of essays promoting the ratification of the U.S. Constitution.

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32

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, protecting individual freedoms.

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33

Judicial Review

The power of the courts to review and potentially overturn laws or actions that violate the Constitution.

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34

Federalism

A system where power is shared between a central government and regional governments.

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35

Supremacy Clause

The part of the U.S. Constitution stating that federal laws take precedence over state laws.

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36

10th Amendment

Affirms that powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved for the states or the people.

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37

Enumerated Powers

Powers specifically listed in the U.S. Constitution for the federal government.

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38

Implied Powers

Powers not explicitly mentioned but inferred as necessary for the federal government.

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39

Elastic Clause

Allows Congress to pass laws necessary and proper for carrying out its powers.

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40

Full Faith and Credit

States must recognize and respect the legal decisions of other states.

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41

Extradition

The process of returning a fugitive from one state to another.

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42

Privileges and Immunities

States cannot discriminate against citizens from other states.

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43

Dual Federalism

Clear separation of powers and responsibilities between the federal and state governments.

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44

Cooperative/New Federalism

Collaboration between federal and state governments on policy and programs.

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45

Devolution

The transfer of power and responsibilities from the federal government to states.

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46

Fiscal Federalism

The division of financial responsibilities between federal and state governments.

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47

Categorical Grants

Federal funds provided for specific purposes, with strict guidelines.

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48

Project Grants

Grants awarded based on a competitive application process.

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49

Formula Grants

Grants distributed based on a formula determined by legislation.

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50

Block Grants

Grants that provide states with more flexibility in how to spend federal funds.

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