bio unit 10

what is a karyotype?

picture of the chromosomes of a cell arranged in homologous pairs

how many autosomes are there?

22

how many chromosomes are there?

23

what are Homologous Chromosones?

carry similar but not identical genes

what is a allele?

a different version of a gene

what is the difference between a gene and an allele?

gene:recipe for how to make ice cream

allele:recipe for specific flavor

what are diploid cells?

two copies of each chromosones

what are haploid cells?

one copy of each chromosone

what are the two modes of reproduction?

asexual and sexual

what is asexual reproduction?

-1 parent'

-offspring identical to parent

-made via MITOSIS

what is sexual reproduction?

-2 parents

-offspring hybrid of both parents

-made via MEOSIS

Which type of reproduction has increased genetic diversity?

sexual

What is meiosis?

special type of cell division used in the creation of gametes

What are the goals of meiosis?

-reduce number of chromosomes from 2 sets to 1 set

-create cells with genetic diversity

what is genetic diversity?

each gamete is unique

what are errors in meiosis?

results in gamate having abnormal chromosone numbers

what is trsonomy?

extra chromosone

what is monosomy?

missing chromosone

what is nondisjunction?

when Chromosones do not seperate as they should

What happens if an abnormal gamete is involved in fertilization?

all cells of that organism will have abnormal Chromosome numbers

what is the law of dominance?

when 2 different allels are present,the one that is expressed is dominant

what is the law of segregation?

organisms have 2 allels for each trait and are seperated during gamete formation

what is the law of independent assortment?

inheritance of one gene does not affect the inheritance of another gene