IGCSE Chapter 09 Reproduction in Humans

By what process are gametes formed?

Meiosis.

By what process does oxygen pass from the mother's blood into the fetus's blood in the placenta?

Diffusion.

During the menstrual cycle, which hormone peaks first - FSH or LH?

FSH.

Give two functions of the ovary in humans.

Release ova (eggs)
Secrete oestrogen.

Name the hormone that helps to repair the lining of the uterus.

Oestrogen.

Name the organ that releases oestrogen.

Ovary.

State the function of testosterone.

Develop male secondary sexual characteristics.

State the term used for the fusion of male and female gametes.

Fertilisation.

State two differences between mitosis and meiosis.

Two / four cells formed.
One / two divisions.

What is the function of progesterone?

To maintain the uterine lining and inhibit ovulation (by inhibiting FSH and LH).

What is the function of the head part of a sperm cell? [2]

Contains the nucleus containing the chromosomes.
Contains the acrosome to digest the surface layers of the egg cell.

Where does fertilisation take place in humans?

Fallopian tube / oviduct.

Which hormone stimulates the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females?

Oestrogen.

Which hormone stimulates the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males?

Testosterone.

Which hormone stimulates the release of the ovum from the ovary in the menstrual cycle?

LH

Why do sperm cells contain mitochondria?

To release energy used by the sperm cell to swim to the egg cell.